Politeness and Culture in Second Language Acquisition
This book examines the importance of politeness in pragmatic expression and communication, making a significant contribution to the debate over whether the universal politeness theory is applicable globally regardless of cultural differences.
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Politeness and Culture in Second Language Acquisition Sooho Song University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
© Sooho Song 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-1-137-03062-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-44053-5 ISBN 978-1-137-03063-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137030634 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
To my parents, Jae Shik Song and Wan Hee Lee, who have given me unlimited support throughout my life
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Contents List of Tables
viii
Preface
ix
1
Introduction: Why Politeness Matters
1
2
Theories of Politeness
8
3
An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Politeness and Culture
63
4
Cultural Impact on Politeness
84
5
Implications of Politeness and Culture
135
Appendix
144
Notes
147
References
149
Index
161
vii
List of Tables 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16
The questionnaire and assumptions Ordered probit analysis with total sample Ordered probit analysis with Korean subjects Ordered probit analysis with American subjects Frequency distribution of social distance perception Mean and relative rankings of social distance perception Frequency distribution of social power perception Mean and relative rankings of social power perception Frequency distribution of task imposition p
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