Potential of Plant Proteins Digested In Silico by Gastrointestinal Enzymes as Nutritional Supplement for COVID-19 Patien
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Potential of Plant Proteins Digested In Silico by Gastrointestinal Enzymes as Nutritional Supplement for COVID-19 Patients Zhen Luo 1 & Keying Su 1,2 & Xuewu Zhang 1 Accepted: 18 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Currently, no specific drug and vaccine are available for the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and nutritional supplementation should be helpful. This study tried to provide reference for protein supplementation. Specifically, in silico method was employed to simulate protein degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes and to produce a large number of active peptides, then, the binding ability of these peptides to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) was evaluated. The results showed that wheat-derived alpha/beta-gliadin, oat-derived avenin, and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain of different origin could be good protein source in generating potent binders to SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. In addition, some high-affinity oligopeptides (such as PISCR, VQVVN, PQQQF, etc.) were identified as potential binders of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. In summary, a number of plant proteins could be helpful for COVID-19 patients when supplemented with these proteins, the identified oligopeptides could be used as lead compound to design potential entry inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Keywords COVID-19 . Spike . Protein supplementation . Oligopeptides . In silico evaluation
Introduction Since the end of December 2019, a new coronavirus broke out in Wuhan of China, and then spread all over China and many countries in the world. This new virus, termed as SARS-CoV2 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was found to cause disease named as COVID-19, including severe pneumonia and other symptoms like fever, dyspnea and asthenia [1]. According to the record of August 15, 2020, 89,695 and 21,179,695 persons were infected, and 4708 and 761,264 persons died, in China and other 200+ countries in the world, respectively. The genome analysis indicated that SARSCoV-2 has as high as 79.5% of sequence identity with SARS-CoV, which breakout in Beijing 17 years ago [2]. It is well known that SARS-CoV infects human host cells by the interaction between its spike glycoprotein and the receptor Zhen Luo and Keying Su contributed equally to this work. * Xuewu Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
2
Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) on human cells [3]. Similar to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 was considered to use the same receptor ACE2 as virus entry into human [4]. To date, no specific drug and vaccine are available for this virus. In this situation, on the basis of drug treatment, it should be helpful to improve immunity through nutrition strengthening at the same time. Protein is the main “building material” of all parts of the body. Immunoglobulin, cytokines and other components needed for dise
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