Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior
The study of nonverbal behavior has substantially grown in importance in social psychology during the past twenty years. In addition, other disciplines are increas ingly bringing their unique perspectives to this research area. Investigators from a wide
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SSSP Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior Edited by Steve L. Ellyson and John R Dovidio
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo
Steve L. Ellyson
John F. Dovidio
Department of Psychology University of California at Davis Davis, California 95616 U.S.A.
Department of Psychology Colgate University Hamilton, New York 13346 U.S.A.
With 26 Figures Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior. (Springer series in social psychology) Bibliography: p.
Includes index. I. Social psychology. 2. Dominance (Psychology). 3. Power (Social sciences). I. Ellyson, Steve L. II. Dovidio, John F. III. Series. HM251.P72 1985 302 85-4655
© 1985 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by Publishers Service, Bozeman, Montana.
9 8 76 54 3 2 I ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9566-2 DOl: lO.l007/978-1-4612-5lO6-4
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-5106-4
To our wives, Carol and Linda, and our parents
Preface
The study of nonverbal behavior has substantially grown in importance in social psychology during the past twenty years. In addition, other disciplines are increasingly bringing their unique perspectives to this research area. Investigators from a wide variety of fields such as developmental, clinical, and social psychology, as well as primatology, human ethology, sociology, anthropology, and biology have systematically examined nonverbal aspects of behavior. Nowhere in the nonverbal behavior literature has such multidisciplinary concern been more evident than in the study of the communication of power and dominance. Ethological insights that explored nonhuman-human parallels in nonverbal communication provided the impetus for the research of the early 19708. The sociobiological framework stimulated the search for analogous and homologous gestures, expressions, and behavior patterns among various species of primates, including humans. Other lines of research, in contrast to evolutionary-based models, have focused on the importance of human developmental and social contexts in determining behaviors associated with power and dominance. Unfortunately, there has been little in the way of cross-fertilization or integration among these fields. A genuine need has existed for a forum that examines not only where research on power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior has been, but also where it will likely lead. We thus have two major objectives in this book. One goal is to provide the reader with multidisciplinary, up-to-date literature reviews and research findings. The second aim is to present the reader with
