Pre-operative micronutrient deficiencies in patients with severe obesity candidates for bariatric surgery
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Pre‑operative micronutrient deficiencies in patients with severe obesity candidates for bariatric surgery M. Pellegrini1 · F. Rahimi2 · S. Boschetti2 · A. Devecchi1 · A. De Francesco2 · M. V. Mancino2 · M. Toppino3 · M. Morino3 · G. Fanni1 · V. Ponzo1 · E. Marzola4 · G. Abbate Daga4 · F. Broglio1,5 · E. Ghigo1,5 · S. Bo1,5 Received: 12 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose In patients with obesity, micronutrient deficiencies have been reported both before and after bariatric surgery (BS). Obesity is a chronic pro-inflammatory status, and inflammation increases the risk of micronutrient malnutrition. Our objective was to assess in pre-BS patients the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and their correlation with blood values of C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods Anthropometric data, instrumental examinations, and blood variables were centrally measured in the first 200 patients undergoing a pre-BS evaluation at the “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, starting from January 2018. Results At least one micronutrient deficiency was present in 85.5% of pre-BS patients. Vitamin D deficiency was the most prevalent (74.5%), followed by folate (33.5%), iron (32%), calcium (13%), vitamin B12 (10%), and albumin (5.5%) deficiency. CRP values were high (> 5 mg/L) in 65% of the patients. These individuals showed increased rate of iron, folate, vitamin B12 deficiency, and a higher number of micronutrient deficiencies. In a multiple logistic regression model, increased CRP levels were significantly associated with deficiencies of vitamin B12 (OR = 5.84; 95% CI 1.25–27.2; p = 0.024), folate (OR = 4.02; 1.87–8.66; p
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