Predicting algal appearance on mortar surface with ensembles of adaptive neuro fuzzy models: a comparative study of ense
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Predicting algal appearance on mortar surface with ensembles of adaptive neuro fuzzy models: a comparative study of ensemble strategies Thu‑Hien Tran1 · Nhat‑Duc Hoang1 Received: 6 December 2016 / Accepted: 8 June 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Algal colonization on building façades causes paint defects, structural damages, and adverse effects on the health of occupants. Building managers need to be better informed about the status of the façade to develop effective maintenance programs. This study proposes a soft computing approach for predicting the appearance of algae on building façade with mortar cladding. The proposed approach is established by ensembles of Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system, named as ANFIS-ESM, with random subspace (RSE), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), random linear oracle (RLO), and stacking (STE) strategies. An experimental dataset which consists of 510 historical records and 12 conditioning factors has been collected for this research. Pre-training and post-training analyses on the importance of factors have also been performed by means of mutual information, ReliefF, and Fourier amplitude sensitivity test. Importantly, experimental results point out that STE strategy has attained the most accurate outcome with a classification accuracy rate (CAR) of 87.76% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91. Moreover, the proposed ensemble framework has outperformed other benchmark models including the support vector machine, the random forest, and the rotation forest. Therefore, ANFIS-ESM is a promising tool to assist building managers in establishing maintenance programs. Keywords Algal appearance · Building maintenance · ANFIS · Ensemble learning · Soft computing · Machine learning
1 Introduction In construction industry, there is an urging need for building managers to ensure that buildings are properly maintained. While maintenance for internal plant and property are often received decent attentions, external façade elements, which are usually inaccessible, are generally disregarded. Needless to say, ill-maintained building façades provoke unattractive images towards the structures. Unsightly cladding definitely degrades the building aesthetics and annoys occupants. These facts impose an adverse influence on the building value for facility owners. * Nhat‑Duc Hoang [email protected] Thu‑Hien Tran [email protected] 1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
Façade deterioration in forms of paint defects and structural damages due to algal colonization is a common phenomenon in buildings with stone or mortar claddings [3, 44]. The activity of algae is responsible for the biodeterioration of the building material [13]. Besides aesthetics, other harmful effects on the building such as poor quality of indoor air due to the presence of microorganisms in damp buildings and low building energy efficiency can be caused by this microbial de
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