Prediction of the outlet flow temperature in a flat plate solar collector using artificial neural network
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Prediction of the outlet flow temperature in a flat plate solar collector using artificial neural network Mohammad Shafiey Dehaj & Mostafa Zamani Mohiabadi & Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Hosseini
Received: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In the current research, the efficiency of a solar flat plate collector (SFPC) was examined experimentally, while the system was modeled with an artificial neural network (ANN) under semi-arid weather conditions of Rafsanjan, Iran. Based on the backpropagation algorithm, a feedforward neural network was established to estimate and forecast the outlet flow temperature of SFPC. To identify the most appropriate model, the ANN topology hidden layer, the number of hidden neurons, iteration, and statistical indicators were analyzed. In the first ANN modeling (CASE I), five parameters, including solar radiation, inlet flow temperature, flow rate, ambient temperature, and wind speed, were applied in the input layer of the network, while the output flow temperature (subsequently efficiency) was in the output layer. In the second artificial neural network modeling (CASE II), the wind speed was omitted from the input of the ANN model. Results showed that the ANN with four inputs yields more accurate results for both estimation and prediction of outlet flow temperature.
Keywords Flat plate solar collector . ANN . Outlet flow temperature . Prediction . Estimate M. Shafiey Dehaj (*) : M. Zamani Mohiabadi : S. M. S. Hosseini Faculty of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, P.O.B. 518, Rafsanjan, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Renewable energy is becoming an alternative source of energy for the scarce fossil fuel resources due to the crisis of fuel energy cost and environmental air pollution. One of the most important forms of renewable energy sources is solar energy. It can play a key role in meeting the main part of our future need for energy (Chaji et al. 2013). While many various solar collector designs exist, they fall into three broad classifications. The three types of the most popular solar thermal systems (solar collectors) are flat plate solar collectors (FPSC), evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSC), and heat pipe solar collectors (HPSC) (Shafieian et al. 2020). The key components on an active solar water heating system are solar collector to capture the sun’s energy and to transfer it to the coolant medium, a circulation system that flows the fluid among the solar collector and the storage tank, storage tank, backup heating system, and control system for regulating the system operation. As solar collector is the main component of any solar system, it has continuously been the important part of study in the field of solar energy (Dehaj et al. 2020) SFPC heats the circulating working fluid to a temperature significantly less than that of the boiling point of water; hence, they are best suitable to the usages where the requested temperature is 30–70 °C or to preheat the working fluid before arriving at a fiel
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