Preoperative Chronic and Acute Pain Affects Postoperative Cognitive Function Mediated by Neurotransmitters
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Preoperative Chronic and Acute Pain Affects Postoperative Cognitive Function Mediated by Neurotransmitters Xian Ding 1 & Xiang Gao 2 & Zhichun Wang 3 & Xuliang Jiang 4 & Shunmei Lu 5 & Jingjing Xu 5 & Guowei Qin 5 & Zhengfeng Gu 5 & Dongxiao Huang 5 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The effective prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) needs to be explored, and the effect of preoperative pain on POCD remains unclear. We established a chronic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) and models of acute pain and anxiety without pain in mice that were subsequently subjected to partial hepatectomy surgery. Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of the mice. ELISA was used to measure IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum, and HPLC-MS was used to detect neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi of the mice. The results indicated that chronic pain induced by CCI might have significantly impaired the learning and memory abilities of mice, while acute pain and anxiety without pain only affected the memory abilities of mice. Perioperative acute pain increased the level of IL-1β in serum, and CCI might have increased the level of IL-6. CCI and acute pain increased dopamine (DA) levels in the cortex, similar to anxiety. Like anxiety, CCI increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Acute pain led to a decrease in the acetylcholine (ACH) level in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that acute pain and CCI-induced chronic pain might aggravate postoperative cognitive dysfunction via neurotransmitters and by changing the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-6. Keywords Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) . Chronic constriction injury (CCI) . Acute pain . Neurotransmitters . HPLC-MS
Abbreviations POCD CCI MWM
UPLC-QQQ/MS Postoperative cognitive dysfunction Chronic constriction injury Morris water maze
DA
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem SCIEX triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer Dopamine
Xian Ding, Xiang Gao, Zhichun Wang and Xuliang Jiang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01673-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shunmei Lu [email protected] * Zhengfeng Gu [email protected] * Dongxiao Huang [email protected] 1
Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (original area of Wuxi Third People’s Hospital), Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
2
Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
3
Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
4
Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Sch
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