Preparing the Electricity Grid for the Mobility Revolution
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Preparing the Electricity Grid for the Mobility Revolution
© Netze BW
AUTHOR
Markus Wunsch is responsible for the area of E-Mobilty Power System Integration at Netze BW GmbH in Stuttgart (Germany).
As the number of electric vehicles increases, so do the demands on the distribution grid. Netze BW analyzes the typical charging behavior under real conditions, for example in rural areas or in underground car parks, and how it affects the power grid. In this context, the distribution grid operator is developing a charging management system in four stages based on the infrastructure of the intelligent measuring system.
DISTRIBUTION GRID WITH EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
In July, the number of new monthly registrations for electric vehicles in the German state of Baden-Württemberg more than doubled compared to the previous maximum [1, 2]. In addition to its relevancy, this shows the urgency for a strong and intelligent distribution grid. Against this background, Netze
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BW began to prepare for the customer- friendly integration of electromobility into the electricity grid early on. In order to identify potential grid bottlenecks, the distribution grid operator uses an early warning system developed in-house. By regionalizing forecasts of the electromobility ramp-up, so-called hotspots have been identified and a total of 500 critical distribution substations are monitored using sensors. Derived
30 Household and electric vehicle (22 kW) Effective power consumption [kW]
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Household
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15
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5
0 0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00 Time [h]
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FIGURE 1 Common load profile of a household with and without electric vehicle (© Netze BW)
measures can be intelligent charging management concepts for the optimization of the existing electricity grid or a demand-oriented and future-proof grid expansion. In charging management, charging processes are sensibly controlled by temporarily limiting the available charging capacity. Generally, the following applies: The comparatively high and long-term power consumption of a charging process is a challenge for the distribution grid. FIGURE 1 shows the common load profile of a household in connection with the power required to charge an electric vehicle. If we look at an entire electrical circuit, this effect accumulates intermittently. The number of vehicles charging simultaneously is therefore decisive. TESTS UNDER REAL CONDITIONS
In specifically designed field tests, Netze BW realizes a relevant penetration of electromobility in one electriMTZ worldwide 12|2020
cal circuit. These so-called Netzlabore (Grid Laboratories) make it possible to investigate findings on the actual charging behavior of customers and, above all, its effect on the electricity grid under real conditions. With the already successfully completed E-Mobility-Allee, the first Netz labor of this kind, Netze BW has deliberately focused on the suburban area. Particularly here, a rapid ramp-up of electromobility can be expected. Not only the quality of the findings, but also the solution concepts d
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