Prevention and Rehabilitation of Old Age Deafness
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Prevention and Rehabilitation of Old Age Deafness M. K. Taneja1
Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 April 2020 Ó Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020
Abstract Hearing impairment is one of the most common sensory deficit affecting 466 million people globally and in majority of old age people it can not corrected. Since presbycusis is always associated with diminished cognition power resulting in two fold loss in understanding of speech. There is no treatment available till date to regenerate the hair cells but certainly we can augment hearing by preventing and regenerating (apoptosis) atrophy of stria vascularis, spiral neural cells degeneration, atrophy of auditory nerve and cerebral cortex by modified greeva, skandh chalan, dynamic neurobics, tratak (focused concentration), Bhramari, Kumbhak along with mindful relaxation technique. Keywords Apoptosis Presbycusis Old age deafness Noise Vitamin D Bhramari pranayam Kumbhak Oxidative stress Antioxidant Greeva chalan Skandh chalan Dynamic neurobics Tratak
Introduction Hearing is an essential sensory sense of an individual for development of speech which is crucial for verbal communication and personality development. Hearing impairment is one of the most frequent sensory deficit in human being. It is the second most common form of disability after locomotor disability in India [1].
& M. K. Taneja [email protected] 1
Indian Institute of Ear Diseases, E-982 C. R. Park, New Delhi, India
Around 466 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss adult 432 million and 34 million of these are children. It is estimated that by 2050 over 900 million people will have disabling hearing loss. 60% of childhood hearing loss is due to preventable causes. 1.1 billion young people (aged between 12–35 years) are at risk of hearing loss due to exposure to noise in recreational settings [2]. Disabling hearing loss refers to hearing loss greater than 40 dB in the better hearing ear in adults and a hearing loss greater than 30 dB in the better hearing ear in children. The majority of people with disabling hearing loss live in low and middle-income countries [3]. Understanding speech is more meaningful compared to perception of sound. It affects the activities of life and comprehension of social communication. It depends upon how psychophysical aspects are recognized and discriminated on the cerebral cortex [4]. Presbycusis is the term used for aging hearing loss characterized by decreased hearing sensitivity, reduced speech recognition, decreased processing of acoustic impulses. Speech discrimination is poor in noisy surrounding. There is high frequency hearing loss usually bilateral, symmetrical and associated with tinnitus. The most overlooked precipitating factor is smoking, tobacco chewing, work stress, imbalanced diet leading to atherosclerosis, cervical spondylitis (ischemia of the vertebral artery) and diabetic neuropathy. It is a usual belief that perception of speech is an auditory function; hence, we assume in
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