Probe-antenna and multifunctional switch for biomedical neural implants
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Probe-antenna and multifunctional switch for biomedical neural implants Chi-Sing Yuen 1 & Hsiao-Chin Chen 1 Accepted: 29 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A probe-antenna and a multifunctional single-pole-four-throw switch are proposed for biomedical neural implants. The multifunctional switch is fabricated in TSMC 90-nm CMOS process and occupies the core area of 297 × 248 μm2. Operating in transmitter/receiver mode, the switch achieves the insertion loss of 4.5/4.8 dB, return loss of 16.7/15.4 dB, isolation of 19.2/ 20.3 dB and P1dB of 4/5 dBm at 60 GHz. Based on the dipole antenna, the antenna with probe function is designed and fabricated on the Roger 4003C two-layer printed circuit board. This probe-antenna achieves the input matching over 59.35–65 GHz. According to the simulation, it achieves the radiation efficiency of 69.8/34.4% and gain of 3.88/5.47 dBi without/with a drop of deionized water on the feed. The probe/electrode function is verified by performing impedance measurement on the deionized water, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, and solution with conductivity of 1413 μS/cm. Keywords Antenna . Biomedical implants . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy . Impedance measurement . Neural recording . Probe . Switch
1 Introduction Neurostimulation technologies have been used to treat diseases that are resulted from neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), epilepsy, refractory chronic pain, and depression (Edwards et al. 2017). With both depth and surface electrodes, an implantable stimulator that serves to monitor and record electrical activity of neurons can deliver proper stimulation in the treatment. Implantable neural stimulators with high density neural recording would rely on wireless gigabit data link. A short range, high data rate and low energy telemetry system is proposed in (Kuan et al. 2015). With its transmitter, receiver and folded-dipole antenna operating at 60 GHz, neural signals from a large number of neuros can be simultaneously recorded and wirelessly transferred. During neurostimulation, electrode configuration and positioning would require optimization. Impedance can be used as a merit to evaluate the proximity between the * Hsiao-Chin Chen [email protected] 1
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
electrodes and targeted tissues. An impedance characterization technique has been verified and applied to an implantable neural stimulator in (Lo et al. 2014). Recently, electrical stimulation and neural recording have also gained attention from biologists because of their aim to decipher the neuronal code. Stimulation and measurement are performed on a large number of mammalian neurons with single-cell resolution (Robinson et al. 2012). In addition to the impedance of cells, researchers are also interested in the impedance change after stimulation is performed on the cell as the cell membrane potential and subs
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