Progress in the Heterogeneous Catalytic Cyclization of CO 2 with Epoxides Using Immobilized Ionic Liquids
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Progress in the Heterogeneous Catalytic Cyclization of CO2 with Epoxides Using Immobilized Ionic Liquids Yirong Wang1 · Liying Guo1 · Longzhu Yin2 Received: 1 October 2018 / Accepted: 10 January 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Ionic liquid heterogeneous catalysis has become a new catalytic method for carbon dioxide cycloaddition because of its high catalytic activity, green efficiency, easy separation and recovery. In this paper, the research progress of the cycloaddi‑ tion reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxy compounds with the ionic liquid solid catalyst supported by silica gel, molecular sieve, organic polymer material, carbon material and metal organic frameworks was reviewed. The structure characteristics and catalytic effects of supported ionic liquid catalysts with different supports were summarized and the prospect of new supported ionic liquid catalysts, such as column aromatic hydrocarbons, was prospected. Graphical Abstract
Keywords Ionic liquids · Homogeneous catalysis · Immobilized catalyst · Carbon dioxide · Epoxide
* Liying Guo [email protected] 1
School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, People’s Republic of China
International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‑Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
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Ionic liquid, also known as cryogenic molten salt, is com‑ posed entirely of anions and cations and exists in liquid form at and near room temperature [1]. In recent years, ionic liq‑ uids have been widely used in organic synthesis, catalysis, extraction, absorption, electrochemistry and other fields due to their low steam pressure, zero volatility, good thermal stability and solubility, good polarity and hydrophilicity, high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and adjustable structure [2, 3]. However, ionic liquids also have some shortcomings, such as high price, which can not be
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widely used in industrial production. High viscosity affects heat and mass transfer efficiency during production. Being in liquid form increases the difficulty of separation and reuse [4]. Therefore, the immobilization of ionic liquids to realize its phase transition has become a research hotspot. Ionic liquid is physically adsorbed or bonded to a solid support structure by methods such as dip method, bond method and sol–gel method, which not only reduces the dosage of ionic liquid, but is more conducive to separation from the prod‑ uct, and can be used in fixed bed production. Through these measures, the practicability of ionic liquid in industrial pro‑ duction can be greatly increased. Global warming has begun to show its major impact on the ecological environment, and it is time to take steps to manage CO2 emissions so as to restore the balance of car‑ bon cycle. If carbon dioxide can be converted into cyc
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