Promotion of the Rapid Growth in Haematococcus pluvialis Under 0.16% CO 2 Condition Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabo
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Promotion of the Rapid Growth in Haematococcus pluvialis Under 0.16% CO2 Condition Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabolomic Analysis Xin Ye1 · Jiani Chen1 · Chaoyang Hu1 · Nianjun Xu1 · Xue Sun1 Received: 14 May 2019 / Accepted: 7 November 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is considered the optimal natural source of astaxanthin, a strong antioxidant in nature. In the present study, transcriptome and metabolic profiling of H. pluvialis under 0.16% and 0.04% CO2 levels were performed to explore the underlying mechanism by which CO2 affects growth at the vegetative stage of this alga. Approximately 1665 differentially expressed unigenes were screened in response to different CO2 conditions by transcriptome analysis. The genes related to photosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and nitrogen metabolism, were mostly up-regulated by 0.16% C O2. A total of 36 differential metabolites were identified in metabolic profiling, of them, citric acid and ribose were accumulated; however, 12 common amino acids and stress-resistant related substrates such as ornithine and putrescine were decreased at 0.16% CO2 level. Combing the results of the algal growth, the elevated CO2 promoted photosynthesis, and carbon utilization including TCA cycle and glycolysis, together with the stimulated nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism, which resulted in rapid growth of H. pluvialis. Keywords Haematococcus pluvialis · Rapid growth · CO2 concentration · Transcriptome · Metabolomic profiling
Introduction Astaxanthin is a kind of carotenoid compound with strong antioxidant activity, which is used in aquaculture, various pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics (Wayama et al. 2013). The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, currently regarded as Haematococcus lacustris, can accumulate high levels of astaxanthin (Boussiba 2000). The life cycle of H. pluvialis can be divided into a green vegetative stage and a red cyst (aplanospore) stage. In the green stage, H. pluvialis grows under suitable conditions, while in the red stage, thick-walled spores form and large amounts of astaxanthin accumulate in unfavorable environments (Hagen et al. 2002). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10055-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xue Sun [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Due to the great commercial value, scientific researches and manufactures are interested in the growth and astaxanthin accumulation of H. pluvialis. A two-step method with promoting algal growth firstly and then inducing astaxanthin accumulation is usually used in this algal aquaculture industry (Christian et al. 2018). In addition, culture conditions such as light, nutrients, and t
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