Proposition of a Shortened Version of the Self-efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA-15): Psychometric Validation and
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Proposition of a Shortened Version of the Self‑efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA‑15): Psychometric Validation and Cut‑Off Score for CPAP Adherence Lucile Dupuy1 · Stéphanie Bioulac1,2 · Olivier Coste2 · Kelly Guichard1,2 · Pierre‑Jean Monteyrol2 · Imad Ghorayeb2,3 · Pierre Philip1,2 · Jean‑Arthur Micoulaud‑Franchi1,2 Received: 7 September 2019 / Revised: 8 December 2019 / Accepted: 8 January 2020 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract Background The Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) is a 26-item questionnaire that investigates perceived risks, outcome expectancies and self-efficacy, i.e., the confidence to undertake treatment, in the context of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interventions for sleep apnea syndrome. This questionnaire can be considered too lengthy for clinical practice; therefore, a shortened version is needed. Methods 290 adults undergoing CPAP treatment completed the SEMSA-26. An item reduction process took into account both the results of statistical analyses and the expertise of a steering committee. Construct validity, reliability and external validity were tested for a 15-item short version. Additionally, CPAP adherence (usage more than 4 h per night) was collected, and receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed to establish the cut-off point of the SEMSA-15 that would best classify patients depending on their adherence. Results The structure of the SEMSA-15 was confirmed by principal components factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.86. The SEMSA-15 dimension scores were highly correlated with their respective SEMSA-26 dimension scores. The self-efficacy sub-score of the SEMSA-15 obtained the best classification performance, with a cut-off point of 2.78 to predict CPAP adherence. Conclusion The SEMSA-15 seems to be appropriate for use in clinical practice to investigate beliefs and perception of selfefficacy in CPAP interventions. It is, therefore, a useful tool to predict long-term adherence to treatment. Keywords Sleep apnea · Self-efficacy · CPAP adherence · Validation · Self-administered questionnaire
1 Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s41782-020-00083-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lucile Dupuy Lucile.dupuy@u‑bordeaux.fr 1
USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY– Sommeil, Addiction et Neuropsychiatrie, Université de Bordeaux, Site Carreire – Zone Nord, Bat 3B, 3rd Floor, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
2
Clinique du Sommeil, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba‑Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
3
Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the reference treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) [1–3] and is effective in improving symptoms of OSAS, especially sleepiness and inattenti
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