Protection and Refuge in Brazil and Chile: the Case of Palestinian Refugees - an Analysis from the Model of Economic and
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Protection and Refuge in Brazil and Chile: the Case of Palestinian Refugees - an Analysis from the Model of Economic and Cultural Adaptation Arlette Leal 1
& Adriana
Palomera 1 & Carmen Norambuena 1
# Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract From the beginning of the independent history of Brazil and Chile, both countries have hosted immigrants. This predisposition had been ratified in the last decade when the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) asked Latin American countries to settle a group of Palestinian families that were under their protection and both, Brazil and Chile responded favorably. In this process, Brazil, which accepted 109 refugees in 2007, and Chile, which accepted 116 refugees in 2008, presented differences and similarities in the measures applied in the protection of these refugees, evidenced in the programs used and in the role of inter-ministerial committees. This paper examines the measures applied for the protection of Palestinian refugees in Brazil and Chile from 2007 to 2011 through the refugees’ adaptation model of Michael Lanphier and tests if this model can be applied in developing countries, such as Latin American countries. Keywords Refugee . Protection . Resettlement . Chile . Brazil
Introduction According to information on the number of refugee populations by country or territory of asylum extracted from World Bank Data, in 2006, there were approximately This article is associated with the Dicyt project 031852NY.
* Arlette Leal [email protected] Adriana Palomera [email protected] Carmen Norambuena [email protected]
1
Center for Migratory Studies, University of Santiago of Chile, Ricardo Cumming 92, Santiago, Chile
Leal A. et al.
14,326,136 refugees in the world. In 2010, this number increased to 15,516,348, which highlights more than ever, the need for global refugee protection measures (World Bank 2016). According to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the near east (UNRWA), Palestinian refugees correspond to approximately a quarter of the total number of refugees in the world (UNRWA 2016). The largest refugee camps are in the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria, where can be observed more than 5 million Palestinian refugees. Additionally, in remote countries, exist approximately 600,000 Palestinians, most of whom are in Latin American countries, such as Brazil, and Chile, which has approximately 400,000 Palestinians, including the Palestinian refugee community received in 2008 (Molina 2014). In line with the Convention of the Rights of Refugees, any person may apply for refugee status if they have been victims of persecution as a result of their race, religion, or nationality. Litigation may also be presented for those persecuted on the basis of belonging to a certain social or political group (UNHCR 1951). A refugee differs from an immigrant; an immigrant is a person who moves from his or her country of residence to another country, and his or her motivations are not the same as those of a
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