Radiopaque and biodegradable beads fabricated with Lipiodol and polycaprolactone for transarterial chemoembolization
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.122
Radiopaque and biodegradable beads fabricated with Lipiodol and polycaprolactone for transarterial chemoembolization Yutaka Okamoto*1, Kenta Bito*1, Terumitsu Hasebe1, 2, Tomohiro Matsumoto1, 2, Atsushi Hotta#1 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 2238522, Japan 2
Department of Radiology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1838 Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0032, Japan
*These authors contributed equally to this paper. #
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Embolic beads for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) should possess radiopacity and biodegradability at the same time, to be visualized in a body under fluoroscopy and CT scanning to avoid complicating disease. In this study, we fabricated radiopaque and biodegradable beads composed of Lipiodol (LPD) (ethiodized oil) and polycaprolactone (PCL), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. LPD/PCL beads were first fabricated with a home-made microfluidic device. By changing the flow-rate ratio in the microfluidic device, the mean diameter of LPD/PCL beads could be well controlled. The radiopacity was evaluated by the fluoroscopic imaging and the CT number measurements. Furthermore, the biodegradability was evaluated by collecting the weight loss data of LPD/PCL immersed in lipase/PBS solution and PBS. The results showed that LPD/PCL beads obtained in this study had sufficient radiopacity and biodegradability, which would be an alternative embolic agent for TACE.
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INTRODUCTION
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is applied to unresectable liver cancer. In the procedure, embolic agents are injected into hepatic arteries using a catheter in order to obstruct the blood flow to necrotize the tumors. Recently, microspherical particulates (defined as beads) have been used as embolic agents. The injection of the beads is conducted with a watersoluble contrast agent under fluoroscopy to visualize the embolic parts. However, since the beads themselves are not radiopaque, it is difficult to observe their influx in the blood vessel. So, when unintentional embolization happens, the location of the involved part cannot be recognized, which could possibly lead to complicating diseases. Moreover, the complicating diseases tend to cause vascular disorders, because the beads remain permanently at non-targeted tissues. Therefore, to decrease the risks of TACE, the development of radiopaque and biodegradable beads has been much desired. As another advantage, the radiopacity and the biodegradability of the beads could also allow multiple courses of TACE treatments without necrotizing tissues. Previous studies have separately reported the
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