Rainfall Trend Analysis in Coastal Region of Karnataka
Climate can be defined as the weather conditions or the weather patterns that is present in the particular geographical area for a very lengthy period. It can be assessed by the important factors like temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation. The climat
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Abstract Climate can be defined as the weather conditions or the weather patterns that is present in the particular geographical area for a very lengthy period. It can be assessed by the important factors like temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation. The climate of the region also depends on the latitude, terrain, water bodies, etc. Coastal Karnataka receives an average rainfall of 3456 mm; at summer, the temperature lies between 33.5 and 40 °C and the minimum temperature of 23.3 and 27.9 °C. Tropical monsoon climate covers whole coastal places of Karnataka and other nearby places too. Rainfall time series is divided into four periods. This region has a very hot climate with extreme rainfall in monsoon season, i.e., June to September. These drastic changes in the climate severely affect the various activities throughout the coastal area of Karnataka. Understanding the variability of climate in the region is essential. In this study, the variation in the climate for a period of 1984–2017 is observed and investigated and changes in the trend in the grid points can be noticed. Mann–Kendall trend test is applied for the precipitation to find trend patterns, and the magnitude of the trend is determined by Sen’s slope estimator. Increase in trend was found in the grid point 3 and grid point 4. Keywords Rainfall · Trend analysis · Mann–Kendall · Coastal area
S. Ashwin (B) · K. Prashanth Kumar Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala, Udupi, Karnataka 574110, India e-mail: [email protected] K. Prashanth Kumar e-mail: [email protected] D. C. Vinay Department of Applied Mechanics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 M. C. Narasimhan et al. (eds.), Trends in Civil Engineering and Challenges for Sustainability, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 99, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6828-2_60
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1 Introduction Rainfall variations play a vital role in existence of life. The variations help in finding the intensity, frequency of rainfall at different regions, which helps in determining the different trend patterns. With the help of earlier forecasting, it helps in facing the adverse situations in a better manner. Mudhabhatkal et al. [1] Mann–Kendall test was done for the sub-humid and humid rivers of Karnataka for Malaprabha and Nethravathi rivers. There was no increasing in trend for Nethravathi River for the summer rains, and it was found that there was a gain in the pattern for Malaprabha River for the summer rains. Overall, it was observed that there was decrease in the trend for Nethravathi River and increase in trend for Malaprabha River. Amorim et al. [2] the extreme hydrological events like floods and heavy rainfall impact on different activities and life of the people. Therefore, it is very important in understanding the temporal trends of the rainfall which will be helpful in decision making as per the situations.
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