Rare Metal Technology 2020
This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Rare metals include strategic metals that are in increasing demand and subject to supply risks. Metals
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The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series
Gisele Azimi Kerstin Forsberg Takanari Ouchi Hojong Kim Shafiq Alam Alafara Abdullahi Baba •
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Editors
Rare Metal Technology 2020
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Editors Gisele Azimi University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
Kerstin Forsberg KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
Takanari Ouchi The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
Hojong Kim Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
Shafiq Alam University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Alafara Abdullahi Baba University of Ilorin Ilorin, Nigeria
ISSN 2367-1181 ISSN 2367-1696 (electronic) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ISBN 978-3-030-36757-2 ISBN 978-3-030-36758-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36758-9 © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Rare Metal Technology 2020 is the proceedings of the symposium on Rare Metal Extraction & Processing sponsored by the Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy Committee of the TMS Extraction & Processing Division. The symposium has been organized to encompass the extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production and mineral processing. This is the seventh symposium since 2014. This symposium covers research and developments in the extraction and processing of rare metals from primary and secondary sources such as laterite ore, electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts, and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) including fluorescent lamps and lithium-ion batteries. Rare metals include strategic metals that are in increasing demand and subject to supply risks (those that are not covered by other TMS symposia). The
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