Rationality and Reality Conversations with Alan Musgrave

Alan Musgrave has consistently defended two positions that he regards as commonsensical – critical realism and critical rationalism. In defence of critcal realism he argues for the objective existence of the external world as opposed to idealism, as well

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Rationality and Reality Conversations with Alan Musgrave Edited by Colin Cheyne and John Worrall

Colin Cheyne and

Rationality and Reality

STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE VOLUME 20

General Editor: S. GAUKROGER, University of Sydney Editorial Advisory Board: RACHEL ANKENY, University of Sydney STEVEN FRENCH, University of Leeds DAVID PAPINEAU, King’s College London NICHOLAS RASMUSSEN, University of New South Wales JOHN SCHUSTER, University of New South Wales RICHARD YEO, Griffith University

RATIONALITY AND REALITY Conversations with Alan Musgrave

Edited by

COLIN CHEYNE University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand and

JOHN WORRALL London School of Economics, London, UK

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13

1-4020-4206-X (HB) 978-1-4020-4206-X (HB) 1-4020-4207-8 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4207-8 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Cover: Photograph of Alan Musgrave used with kind permission of Gudrun Perin, Guelph, Canada

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements

vii

Notes on Contributors

ix

COLIN CHEYNE / Introduction

1

GREGORY CURRIE / Where Does the Burden of Theory Lie?

7

COLIN CHEYNE / Testimony, Induction and Reasonable Belief

19

JOHN WORRALL / Theory-Confirmation and History

31

DEBORAH G. MAYO / Critical Rationalism and its Failure to Withstand Critical Scrutiny

63

VOLKER GADENNE / Methodological Rules, Rationality, and Truth

97

HOWARD SANKEY / Why is it Rational to Believe Scientific Theories are True?

109

STATHIS PSILLOS / Thinking About the Ultimate Argument for Realism

133

MICHAEL REDHEAD / The Unseen World

157

ALAN CHALMERS / Why Alan Musgrave Should Become an Essentialist

165

ROBERT NOLA / The Metaphysics of Realism and Structural Realism

183

MARK COLYVAN / Scientific Realism and Mathematical Nominalism: A Marriage Made in Hell

225

NORETTA KOERTGE / A Methodological Critique of the Semantic Conception of Theories

239

GRAHAM ODDIE / A Refutation of Peircean Idealism

255

HANS ALBERT / Historiography as a Hypothetico-Deductive Science: A Criticism of Methodological Historism

263

ANDREW BARKER / Ptolemy’s Musical Models for Mind-Maps and Star-Maps

273

ALAN MUSGRAVE / Responses

293

Index of Names

335

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors are indebted to Robert Nola, David Papineau and Stephen Gaukroger for their invaluable assistance and advice, and to Alan Musgrave for his enthusiastic support. We are also grateful for the secretarial