Recent advances in anthocyanin dyes extracted from plants for dye sensitized solar cell
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REVIEW PAPER
Recent advances in anthocyanin dyes extracted from plants for dye sensitized solar cell Negese Yazie Amogne1 · Delele Worku Ayele2,3 · Yeshitila Asteraye Tsigie2 Received: 19 August 2019 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 / Published online: 13 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are under extensive research works due to their appealing features such as low production costs. The production costs and energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs is strongly influenced by the types of dyes used to harvest photons. Natural dyes extracted from different sources are emerged as a potential candidates to synthetic photosensitizers due to their merit properties including low cost, complete biodegradability, availability and less environmental concern. In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of natural photosensitizers, blending of different dyes, copigmentation of dyes, acidifying of dyes and other approaches have been conducted by researchers, resulting in appreciable performance. This paper reviews the factors affecting the stability of anthocyanin pigments and also the solvents needed for efficient extraction of anthocyanins. Moreover, the potential application of anthocyanin dyes as photosensitizers for DSSC along with the work done over the years is covered. Keywords Dye sensitized solar cell · Sensitizer · Anthocyanin dyes · Extraction · Purification · Stability of dye
Introduction Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) got attentions of researchers as a promising low-cost solar cell technology since their discovery in 1991 [1–6] due to their simple preparation procedure, eco-friendly [7], good performance under diffuse light conditions, reasonably good power conversion efficiency [8, 9], colorful natures, and low production cost [11–12]. DSSCs are based on the sensitizing nanocrystalline metal oxide films to visible light through the adsorption of regenerative dyes [13]. The first manufactured DSSC was found to absorb visible light up to about 800 nm and the energy conversion efficiency reached 7.1% [15–16]. Following its discovery, research on the DSSCs has made remarkable progress and, by using nanostructured semiconductor electrodes, the conversion efficiency was boosted to 11.4% * Delele Worku Ayele [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
3
Bahir Dar Energy Center, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
in 2001 [18–19]. Recent findings have found that perovskite sensitized solar cells have achieved an efficiency of approximately 15% in power conversion 21.60% (certified at 21.52% by Newport) [20]. In a DSSC, unlike conventional solar cells, semiconductors and electrolytes are used to transport electrons and holes respectively, and because of this, recombination chances in the cell are low. Upon illumination, the dye molecule adsorbed on TiO2 films absorbs photons of wavele
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