Recombinant T7 Phage with FMDV AKT-III Strain VP1 Protein is a Potential FMDV Vaccine
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Recombinant T7 Phage with FMDV AKT-III Strain VP1 Protein is a Potential FMDV Vaccine Peng Wu . Xinyue Yin . Qingqing Liu . Wenxing Wu . Chuangfu Chen
Received: 19 August 2019 / Accepted: 9 December 2019 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Objectives The capsid protein (VP1) of the foot-andmouth (FMD) AKT-III strain was expressed on the surface of the T7 phage capsid (AKT-T7 strain) and the potential of AKT-T7 strain as an FMD vaccine was evaluated. Results The AKT-T7 strain was successfully constructed and was not cytotoxic to BHK-21, MDBK, or sheep kidney cells. The AKT-T7 strain was well phagocytosed by mouse macrophages. Immunization of BALB/c mice revealed that animals were quickly induced and produced high levels of FMDV antibodies. Monitoring data indicated that FMDV antibody levels could be maintained at higher levels for longer periods of time. The AKT-T7 strain induced high levels of IFN-c levels in mice with little effect on IL-4. Conclusions The AKT-T7 induced the mice to produce FMDV antibodies, which has the advantage
Peng Wu and Xinyue Yin authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-020-03012-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. P. Wu X. Yin Q. Liu W. Wu C. Chen (&) College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China e-mail: [email protected]
of phage and FMDV, and is a potential candidate for an FMD vaccine. Keywords
FMDV Phage Vaccine VP1
Introduction Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a common livestock pathogen more than 120 years after its identification. Annual costs due to production losses and vaccination are estimated at €5.3–17 billion (US $6.5–21 billion) in FMDV-endemic areas (Poonsuk et al. 2018). The molecular mechanisms of FMDV infection are unclear (Fu et al. 2017). Animals cannot be completely cross-protected from different strains of the same type of virus (Kim et al. 2019). Type A FMDV strain and O-type FMDV strain can co-infect animals (Al et al. 2019), despite the prevention and control techniques for FMD (Cecilia et al. 2017). In addition, not all countries kill infected animals (Malekdar et al. 2019). Recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine is an excellent candidate vaccine for preventing FMD (Li et al. 2018). VP1 is a capsid protein of FMDV and contains the major antigenic site of FMDV. FMDV VP1 proteins can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. They are considered the most immunogenic part of the FMDV capsid with the most
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antigenic sites for viral neutralization (Kim et al. 2019). VP1 possesses a hypervariable region within the G-H Loop of FMDV, a capsid protein commonly associated with virus neutralization (Ignacio et al. 2019). The FMDV VP1 protein can also produce neutralizing antibodies against FMDV after animal immunization. Phage
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