Rediscovery of Lepisorus cespitosus supported the floristic affinities between western Yunnan and southeast Tibet
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rediscovery of Lepisorus cespitosus supported the floristic affinities between western Yunnan and southeast Tibet Tao Fujiwara1 · Hongmei Liu2 · Phyo K. Khine1 · Anru Zuo3 · Shihui Zhang3 · Dexuan Xing3 · Harald Schneider1 Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The northern parts of Yunnan belong to ‘Mountains of SW China’ biodiversity hot spot, one of the most species-rich areas on earth. Although some progress, relatively little attention has been given to explore the evolutionary history of the fern diversity of this hot spot. According to recent progress, Yunnan exhibits the heterogeneity of species diversity among regions. In this study, we focused on the Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, an overlooked area in western Yunnan geographically and geologically, which is connected to SE Tibet and NE Myanmar; thus, the flora of this region will likely share several unique taxa, but this pattern may be obscured by the lack of reported distributions. To examine this, we conducted floristic investigation targeting rare species shared between Dehong and adjacent areas in Lepisorus. We performed morphological, phylogenetical, and biogeographical analyses with the accessions obtained. Lepisorus cespitosus was firstly found in Dehong, which was previously only known from the type location in SE Tibet. Our analyses revealed that L. cespitosus is a lineage morphologically and phylogenetically isolated from all other sections of Lepisorus. Divergence time estimates and ancestral area reconstruction supported that L. cespitosus is a relict species survived in this region since the Late Miocene. Our results showed the affinity in the flora between western Yunnan and SE Tibet and supported the hypothesis that this region has served as a climate refugia for relict species during the Cenozoic. Thus, we propose that more attention should be given to floristic investigation in this area and adjacent regions. Keywords Climate refugia · Divergence time estimation · Lepisorus · Relict species · Species diversity · Yunnan
Introduction Southwest China in particular Yunnan is well known for the high species diversity (Tang et al. 2006; López-Pujol et al. 2011). Ferns and lycophytes are not an exception with Handling Editor: Hiroshi Kudoh. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01701-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Harald Schneider [email protected] 1
Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, China
2
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, China
3
Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Dehong 678400, Yunnan, China
about 10% of the global diversity of ferns and lycophytes occurring alone in Yunnan (Schneider pers. comm.). Yunnan and adjacent regions have been propos
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