Refined dataset to describe the complex urban environment of Hong Kong for urban climate modelling studies at the mesosc
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Refined dataset to describe the complex urban environment of Hong Kong for urban climate modelling studies at the mesoscale Yu Ting Kwok 1
&
Cecile De Munck 2 & Robert Schoetter 2 & Chao Ren 3 & Kevin Ka-Lun Lau 4
Received: 29 September 2019 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Urban climate models are indispensable tools for the evaluation of climatic risks faced by the growing urban population. In order to accurately simulate the urban surface energy balance at a high spatial resolution, it is important to provide models with detailed input data that can adequately describe the spatial variation of land covers, urban morphology, construction materials, and building functions within an urban area. Using Hong Kong—a city well-known for its complex, high-rise urban environment—as the testing ground, this study aims to present a geographic information system–based workflow for the construction of a refined urban database. Firstly, maps of land cover tiles, pervious and impervious surface fractions, building height, and other input parameters required by mesoscale atmospheric models are derived from multiple data sources including administrative building data, satellite images, and land use surveys. Secondly, a total of 18 representative building archetypes, with their corresponding architectural characteristics and occupant behaviour schedules, are defined. This allows for models to take into account the radiative, thermal, and dynamic interactions between buildings and the atmosphere, as well as the anthropogenic heat fluxes. Finally, locally adapted ranges of urban morphological parameters for the different local climate zones (LCZs) are derived, enabling the expansion of data coverage to neighbouring areas of Hong Kong, where detailed urban data are not readily available. Uncertainties of the refined database and limitations of the LCZ scheme are also discussed so that a similar approach may be adapted and applied to other cities in the world.
1 Introduction In the past few decades, the urban climate modelling community has made tremendous progress in improving the representation of the surface energy balance (SEB) in urban areas (Garuma 2018). As a result, a profusion of atmospheric
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03298-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yu Ting Kwok [email protected] 1
School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
2
CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
3
Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
4
Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
models operating at different scales and coupled with urban land surface models (ULSMs) with different levels of complexity is available. Urban canopy models (UCMs), such as the Town Energy Balance (TEB; Masson 2000), t
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