Regulation of the Wettability of Nonwoven Cloth by Oxyfluorination to Improve its Impregnation by Latex
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Fibre Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 2, July, 2020 (Russian Original No. 2, March-April, 2020)
REGULATION OF THE WETTABILITY OF NONWOVEN CLOTH BY OXYFLUORINATION TO IMPROVE ITS IMPREGNATION BY LATEX V. G. Nazarov, F. A. Doronin, A. G. Evdokimov, and A. V. Dedov
UDC 677.529
The effect of treating poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven cloth with a mixture of gaseous fluorine and oxygen on its ability to absorb latex was studied and shown to be an effective method for improving the wettability of the polymer fiber surface. As a result, it allowed the absorption capacity of the material for aqueous dispersions of latex to be regulated and increased it up to two times.
Nonwoven materials are impregnated with water-based latexes to solve technological and applied problems [1, 2]. For example, the mechanical stretching properties of composites produced by impregnating nonwoven cloths with latex were improved by forming bridges of rubber particles that joined fibers to each other and limited their movement in a force field [3-5]. Impregnation with latex produced items with improved absorption properties, abrasive materials, etc. [6, 7]. Regulation of the fiber wettability had important practical value in the production of porous composites by impregnating nonwoven cloths with latexes [8]. Treatment with fluorine or a mixture of fluorine and oxygen is a universal method for regulating the surface properties of polymers [9, 10]. The goal of the present work was to determine the effect of treatment of nonwoven cloth made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETP) fibers by a mixture of gaseous fluorine and oxygen on its ability to absorb latex. Samples of nonwoven cloth treated after needle punching and shrinkage were studied. The base cloth (OAO Montem, Moscow) was produced from a three-component mixture of high-melting PETP fibers of linear density 1.7 and 0.33 tex and bi-component fibers of this same polymer with a core—shell structure of linear density 0.44 tex in a mass ratio m1:m2:m3 = 50:30:20, respectively. The reference polymer was PETP film of thickness 25 μm (AO Tasma, Kazan). The fiber surfaces of the nonwoven cloth and the polymer film were modified by a gaseous mixture of fluorine and oxygen in a volume ratio (%) of 7.5:10 using the developed method [11-13] in a stainless-steel reactor with preliminary and subsequent evacuation. The modification was carried out for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h. Base and modified cloths were impregnated by an aqueous solution of vinylidene chloride (30%) and butadiene (70%) copolymer latex (GOST 9501–60), i.e., latex synthetic (DVKhB-70, TU 38.303-04-03–90). The degree of impregnation was regulated using diluted latex with rubber contents 3.5, 4.4, 6.0, and 13%. Base cloth was impregnated with the latex at 22ºC. The sample immersed in the latex was impregnated by spreading with a roller for 2 min. The impregnated cloth was passed through a wringer with a regulated gap between the rollers that was controlled to ±50 μm. Samples were dried to constant mass using an air blower at 120ºC. The com
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