Relation between cardiac dimensions and peak oxygen uptake
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Relation between cardiac dimensions and peak oxygen uptake K Steding1, H Engblom1, T Buhre2, M Carlsson1, H Mosén1, B Wohlfart1, H Arheden1*
Abstract peak ) and induce Background: Long term endurance training is known to increase peak oxygen uptake ( VO 2 morphological changes of the heart such as increased left ventricular mass (LVM). However, the relationship peak and the total heart volume (THV), considering both the left and right ventricular dimensions in between VO 2 both males and females, is not completely described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis peak and to determine if the left and right ventricles enlarge in the that THV is an independent predictor of VO 2 same order of magnitude in males and females with a presumed wide range of THV. Methods and Results: The study population consisted of 131 subjects of whom 71 were athletes (30 female) and 60 healthy controls (20 female). All subjects underwent cardiovascular MR and maximal incremental exercise test. Total heart volume, LVM and left- and right ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV, RVEDV) were calculated from peak was significantly correlated to THV, LVM, LVEDV and RVEDV in both males and short-axis images. VO 2 peak (R2 = 0.74, p < females. Multivariable analysis showed that THV was a strong, independent predictor of VO 2 0.001). As LVEDV increased, RVEDV increased in the same order of magnitude in both males and females (R2 = 0.87, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Total heart volume is a strong, independent predictor of maximal work capacity for both males and females. Long term endurance training is associated with a physiologically enlarged heart with a balance between the left and right ventricular dimensions in both genders.
Introduction Long term endurance training is well known to increase peak ) and to induce changes peak oxygen uptake ( VO 2 in left ventricular dimensions and morphology [1-9]. However, it is not completely understood how peak and cardiac dimensions are related and how VO 2 endurance training affect the right ventricle and the total heart volume (THV). Furthermore, previous studies of the athlete’s heart have mainly focused on male athletes and few studies include females. Thus, the gender aspects of the training effects on cardiac dimensions needs to be further explored. Previously, chest x-ray has been used to determine the THV [10-13]. Two-dimensional x-ray has limited ability to describe the three-dimensional properties of the heart. Hence, in order to get a better understanding of peak , a the relationship between the THV and VO 2 * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
more accurate imaging modality is required. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a completely threedimensional imaging technique and is currently considered the gold standard for assessing cardiac function and dimensions [14]. Using this technique, it has recently been shown that left and rig
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