Research Highlights: Perovskites
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS :
Perovskites
By Pabitra K. Nayak
Perovskite solar cells are at the edge of commercial success. Device efficiency records break at a regular pace, while stability and optimization are progressing rapidly. The first commercial products could reach the market within the next year, just a decade since perovskite photovoltaics were first discovered. MRS Bulletin presents coverage of the most recent impactful advances in the burgeoning field of perovskite research.
H
eterostructures with epitaxial layers, with atomically sharp interfaces, of different inorganic semiconductors such as III–V, II–VI, and transition-metal dichalcogenides are the foundation of modern electronics and optoelectronic devices. Halide perovskites, an emerging family of tunable semiconductors, have shown superb electronic and optical properties, with applications in solution-processed solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers. The easily deformable halide perovskite crystal lattice is expected to allow for a higher tolerance to lattice mismatch at semiconductor interfaces during heterostructure formation. For device miniaturization and improved performance, an atomically sharp heterostructure is essential. However, achieving atomically sharp heterostructures with halide perovskites has been a challenge. High intrinsic ion mobility causes an interdiffusion of ions, which leads to a large junction width. In an article published in Nature (doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2219-7), Savoie, Yu, Dou, and co-workers reported overcoming the problem of interdiffusion of ions in halide perovskites by the incorporation of rigid π-conjugated organic ligands; these inhibit in-plane ion diffusion in two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed near-atomically sharp interfaces
The top image is a schematic for a lateral superlattice of a 2D halide perovskite. The bottom panels have optical and photoluminescence images showing the formation of a lateral multi-heterostructure. Credit: Nature.
and epitaxial growth of halide perovskite films. The authors demonstrated highly tunable and stable lateral epitaxial halide perovskite heterostructures, multi-heterostructures, and superlattices. The authors propose that the generic synthesis of 2D halide perovskite
heterostructures presented in this work provides a strong platform to further advance the crystal chemistry of halide perovskites, exploration of optoelectronic properties, and eventually their applications in optoelectronic devices, such as diodes, lasers, and photovoltaics.
Pabitra K. Nayak, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India; [email protected] The author acknowledges support via intramural funding from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad.
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