Rethinking place-making: aligning placeness factors with perceived urban design qualities (PUDQs) to improve the built e
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rethinking place‑making: aligning placeness factors with perceived urban design qualities (PUDQs) to improve the built environment in historical districts Xin Li1,2 · Tao Jia3 · Anne Lusk4 · Peter Larkham5
© Springer Nature Limited 2020
Abstract Understanding the concept of place is critically important for urban design and place-making practice, and this research attempted to investigate the pathways by which perceived urban design qualities (PUDQs) influence placeness factors in the Chinese context. Twelve hypotheses were developed and combined in a structural equation model for validation. The Tanhualin historical district in Wuhan, China was selected for the analysis. As a result, place attachment was verified as a critical bridge factor that mediated the influence of PUDQs on place satisfaction. Among the five selected PUDQs, walkability and space quality were revealed as the most influential factors associated with place attachment and place satisfaction. Accessibility was actually indirectly beneficial to place-making via the mediation of walkability. Corresponding implications and strategies were discussed to maintain the sense of place for historic districts. Keywords Place-making · Urban design · Historical districts · Structural equation modelling · Wuhan
Introduction Since 1970s, the notion of “Place” has earned increasing attentions from the academics especially in social science. In many historical places, the ‘sense of place’ (Jivén and Larkham 2003), or the so-called ‘genius loci’ * Tao Jia [email protected] Xin Li [email protected] Anne Lusk [email protected] Peter Larkham [email protected] 1
School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
2
School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
3
School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
4
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
5
School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
(Norberg-Schulz 1980), tends to emerge when a vivid living scenario coincides with the richness of townscape through the intertwining of activity, image, and form (Carmona et al. 2003). The relationship between humans and space is anchored in dwellings (Heidegger 1975), and therefore, people’s judgement of the urban space refers not only to the built environment attributes but also to the perceptive dimensions in which meaningful representations of, and emotional connections to, the people and the environment are established (McCunn and Gifford 2018). However, from the second half of the twentieth century, many East Asian cities have enthusiastically adopted enterprising plans to strive to promote themselves as regional and global hubs (Shim and Santos 2014). For economic and political purposes, substantially increasing number of resources and corresponding amount of effort have been invested to establish urban spectacles and landmarks, while the uniqueness and loc
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