Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environmen
- PDF / 356,821 Bytes
- 53 Pages / 441 x 666 pts Page_size
- 55 Downloads / 176 Views
© Springer 2007
Explosives: Fate, Dynamics, and Ecological Impact in Terrestrial and Marine Environments Albert L. Juhasz and Ravendra Naidu
Contents I. Introduction ....................................................................................................... II. Physicochemical Properties of Energetic Compounds ................................ A. TNT ............................................................................................................... B. RDX .............................................................................................................. C. HMX ............................................................................................................. III. Energetics: Fate and Behavior ....................................................................... A. Source and Levels of Energetic Compounds in the Environment ................................................................................................ B. Solubility and Dissolution .......................................................................... C. Volatilization ............................................................................................... D. Adsorption ................................................................................................... E. Photolysis ..................................................................................................... F. Hydrolysis .................................................................................................... G. Reduction ..................................................................................................... H. Irreversible Surface Reactions .................................................................. I. Biotransformation ....................................................................................... J. Bioaccumulation .......................................................................................... IV. Energetics: Toxicity to Ecological Receptors ............................................... A. Terrestrial and Aquatic Receptors ........................................................... B. Marine Receptors ....................................................................................... C. Ecotoxicity and Bioavailability ................................................................. Summary ............................................................................................................ Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ References .........................................................................................................
163 164 164 166 166 168 168 170 171 171 173 173 174 175 175 185 187 187 196 199 199 200 200
I. Introduction Explosive, or energetic compounds, may be defined as chemicals that, under the influence of thermal or chemical shock, decompose rapidly with the evolution of large amounts of heat and gas (Brannon and Pennington 2002). Numerous energetic
Data Loading...
