Role of cellulose nanocrystals on hysteretic sorption and deformation of nanocomposites
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Role of cellulose nanocrystals on hysteretic sorption and deformation of nanocomposites Mingyang Chen
. Benoit Coasne . Dominique Derome . Jan Carmeliet
Received: 7 September 2019 / Accepted: 20 May 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A molecular model of an all-cellulose nanocomposite, with an amorphous cellulose matrix reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals, is built to study the role of cellulose nanocrystal (CN) as a nanofiller in the coupled behavior between sorption and deformation. We find two competitive mechanisms. The first mechanism is the reinforcing effect through CNmatrix mechanical interaction, which constrains the sorption-induced swelling of the matrix and results in a reduction of sorption amount and of hysteresis in both sorption and deformation. The second mechanism is the CN-water interaction, enhancing water sorption in the matrix at the CN-matrix interface, increasing the sorption-induced swelling of the matrix, and increasing the resulting hysteresis in sorption and deformation. The final gain/reduction in sorption, swelling and related hysteresis depends on which of the two effects prevails. These findings shed light on
M. Chen (&) J. Carmeliet Chair of Building Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] B. Coasne LIPhy, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France D. Derome Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Universite´ de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
the tailoring of cellulose-based composites for applications involving sorption and deformation. Keywords Sorption Deformation Hysteresis Allcellulose nanocomposite
Introduction Cellulose nanocrystal (CN) exhibits high stiffness and strength, high surface area and unique morphology (Habibi et al. 2010; Mariano et al. 2014). These features, together with their great sustainability and biodegradability, make CN ideal candidate to improve the mechanical properties of various materials (Habibi et al. 2010; Mariano et al. 2014; Blanco et al. 2018). In nature, CN serves as mechanical reinforcement in several biomaterials (Brown 1996, 2004; Anfara et al. 2002; Williamson et al. 2002). For instance, the stiffness and strength of wood cell wall mainly come from the reinforcing effect of the microfibrils composed of CN (Salme´n 2004; Derome et al. 2012; Chen et al. 2019b) For man-made materials, CN is incorporated as reinforcement into a wide range of polymer matrices such as poly(caprolactone) (Habibi et al. 2008), poly(oxyethylene) (Samir et al. 2004) and starch-based polymers (Angle`s and Dufresne 2001). It is also incorporated into cellulosic matrix to form the so-called all-cellulose composites (ACC) (Qi et al.
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2009). Given the chemical homogeneity of ACC, the reinforcement–matrix interface forms strong bonding. In addition, ACC can be straightforwardly recycled as the reinforcement and matrix do not require separation. These advantages make ACC a promising biodegradable ‘‘green’’ composite (Nishino et al. 2
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