Role of HSP in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Inflammatory Diseases
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are pivotal players in the normal cellular physiological processes and possess regulatory functions in pathogenesis of age-related disorders. HSP as chaperons are participating in protein folding, proper protein conformation, and
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Abstract Introduction Heat shock proteins (HSP) are pivotal players in the normal cellular physiological processes and possess regulatory functions in pathogenesis of age-related disorders. HSP as chaperons are participating in protein folding, proper protein conformation, and prevention of undesired protein aggregation. In here, we provide the essential roles of HSP in inflammation with special focus on the ageingrelated inflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Methods A literature based collection of articles in the available search engines (PubMed and Google Scholar). Results We show the interrelation of HSP and inflammation-related ageing disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Conclusions Understanding the critical roles of HPS would help in designing and manufacturing therapeutics for ameliorating the symptoms associated with age-related diseases.
A. F. Khafaga Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt A. E. Noreldin Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt I. M. Saadeldin (*) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. A. A. Asea, P. Kaur (eds.), Heat Shock Proteins, https://doi.org/10.1007/7515_2020_29
A. F. Khafaga et al.
Keywords Ageing · Alzheimer’s disease · Atherosclerosis · Cancer · Diabetes · HSP · Parkinson disease · Rheumatoid arthritis
Abbreviations AD ALS Aβ CRP HSF HSP IL PD RA ROS SOD TGFβ TNF
Alzheimer’s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyloid β peptides C-reactive protein heat shock factor heat shock proteins interleukins Parkinson’s disease Rheumatoid arthritis reactive oxygen species superoxide dismutase transforming growth factor-β tumor necrosis factor
1 Introduction In 1962, Ritossa has been discovered Heat chock proteins (HSP). They are a family of highly conserved ubiquitous proteins. This family composed of group of different molecular weight proteins including HSP10, Hsp27, HSP40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110 [25]. However, Hsp70 and 90 are the two major types that have the potential to bind to the unfolded protein helping them to folded and synthesized properly [25, 120]. Some types of this protein could express substantially, while the most of them expressed under stress conditions [166]. A variety of environmental or physiologic stress could lead to production and activation of HSP such as inflammation, hypoxia, chemotherapy, infections, as well as thermal injury [1, 86, 157– 161]. In living systems, HSP have essential activities including polypeptides folding, proteins transportation, and formation of multiprotein complexes [62]. Moreover,
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