Salt leaching using powder (SLUP) process for glass/chitosan scaffold elaboration for biomaterial applications
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RESEARCH
Salt leaching using powder (SLUP) process for glass/chitosan scaffold elaboration for biomaterial applications Jihen Refifi 1,2 & Hassane Oudadesse 1 & O. Merdrignac-Conanec 1 & Hafed El Feki 2 & Bertrand Lefeuvre 1 Received: 3 July 2019 / Revised: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 12 March 2020 # Australian Ceramic Society 2020
Abstract Tissue engineering has emerged as an alternative approach to create bone tissue by growing cells on 3D scaffolding. The aim of this study was to synthesize a composite glass/chitosan (BG-CH) by using new salt leaching using powder (SLUP) process in order to control the porosity rate and then the chemical reactivity of the final product. SLUP process consists on the cavity creation with desired pore sizes. It does not require heat treatment. This process is based on washing out the NaCl particles used for that. It is due to its high solubility in aqueous media. This work focuses on the elaboration, physicochemical, and chemical reactivity studies of pure bioactive glass and bioactive glass associated with chitosan. A range of composite scaffolds with different bioactive glass/chitosan contents has been synthesized. NaCl with a distinct range size was used with the aim of optimizing the pore network. Obtained results show that the specific surface area and pore volume increase with increasing of chitosan and porogen content. The same observations for pore volume were registered. The obtained scaffolds had high porosity (90%) with good pore connectivity. SEM images revealed strong dependence of sizes and shapes of pores on the salt/composite ratios. Keywords Bioactive glass . Chitosan . Biomaterial . Salt leaching using powder . Porosity
Introduction Large, nonhealing bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, or disease pose major clinical and socioeconomic problems. In situations with significant bone loss, bone grafts are used to fill the defect bone and promote bone tissue formation [1, 2]. More than 500,000 bone-grafting procedures are performed every year [3]. This number is projected to increase steadily due to population aging and correspondingly rising incidence of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. At present, there is no ideal treatment for large bone defects. Bone allografts could be interesting; however, their clinical utility is limited by the risk of disease transmission and high cost [4–6]. To overcome the shortcomings of bone grafting, much research effort is focused on the development of
* Hassane Oudadesse [email protected] 1
CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, University Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
2
Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
synthetic bone scaffolds as bone graft substitutes. They are widely regarded to be one of the key items along with cells and a dynamic environment for regeneration of damaged tissue [7–9]. Scaffolds are three-dimensional porous structures that act as templates for in situ bone regeneration. The successful design of a bone scaffold needs to incorporate both b
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