Science in the Context of Climate Change Adaptation: Case Studies from the Peruvian Andes
Within the context of the Climate Change Adaptation Program (PACC), a number of scientific investigations on water resources, natural disasters and perceptions by local people highlight adaptation needs in the regions of Cusco and Apurímac in Peru, consid
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Abstract Within the context of the Climate Change Adaptation Program (PACC), a number of scientific investigations on water resources, natural disasters and perceptions by local people highlight adaptation needs in the regions of Cusco and Apurímac in Peru, considering past, present-day and future climate conditions. This chapter compiles their findings and attempts a systematic evaluation with respect to their contributions to climate change adaptation. The studies consistently find aggravating water scarcity during the dry season (April to September) due to projected precipitation decreases and reduced storage capacity of shrinking glaciers. Impacts include below-capacity hydropower generation and increased crop failure risks. For natural disasters, database inconsistencies prevent a detection of trends. While the natural science studies have produced a new and more comprehensive B. Orlowsky (*) • C. Huggel • C. Jurt • L. Vicuña Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] N. Andres Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland N. Salzmann Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland M. Rohrer Meteodat GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland P. Calanca Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland R. Neukom Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research and Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland F. Drenkhan Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Department of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 N. Salzmann et al. (eds.), Climate Change Adaptation Strategies – An Upstream-downstream Perspective, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40773-9_3
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understanding of the target regions, their implications for society have hardly been investigated anthropologically. One of the few social science studies emphasizes that climate change is only one out of many determinants of rural livelihoods in the target regions, which have not been addressed scientifically yet. We thereby find an imbalance of available scientific knowledge regarding natural vs. social sciences. Overcoming such imbalance would allow for a more comprehensive integration of scientific findings into design and implementation of adaptation measures within the local context. Keywords Science-practice interface • Climate change • Adaptation • Andes • Peru
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Introduction
The administrative regions of Cusco and Apurímac in the Central Andes of Peru are among the most biodiverse of the world, reaching from high mountain environments (above 6000 m a.s.l., see Fig. 1) to the Amazon. They feature unique ecosystems such as cloud and dry forests, high mountain wetlands and grass and agricultural lands. Most of their population lives in the semi-arid Andean valleys in and around
Fig. 1 PACC study areas in the regions Cusco and Apurímac, highlighting locations of
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