Screen-printed disposable electrodes using graphite-polyurethane composites modified with magnetite and chitosan-coated
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Screen-printed disposable electrodes using graphite-polyurethane composites modified with magnetite and chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles for voltammetric epinephrine sensing: a comparative study Isabela A. Mattioli 1 & Priscila Cervini 1 & Éder T. G. Cavalheiro 1 Received: 25 July 2019 / Accepted: 3 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Disposable screen-printed electrodes based on the use of graphite-polyurethane composites modified with magnetite nanoparticles (MNP-SPE) or chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles (CHMNP-SPE) are described. The MNP and CHMNP were synthetized and comparatively characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTG. The MNP-SPE and CHMNP-SPE were characterized by SEM and EDX. After optimization of the MNP percentage in MNP-SPE, the materials were electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EIS, and chronocoulometry. The electrodes were tested for their performance towards sensing of epinephrine (EP). The CHMNP-SPE is found to have better electrochemical responses in comparison to the MNPSPE. This is assumed to be due to the chitosan coating which also protects the MNPs from oxidation under air and at different applied potential fields. The performances of the MNP-SPE and CHMNP-SPE were studied by DPV after optimization of equilibration time and DPV parameters. Response is linear in the 0.1–0.8 μM EP concentration range, at 0.03 V (vs. pseudoAg/AgCl), and the detection limit is 25 nM for the MNP-SPE. The linear response for the CHMNP-SPE was 0.1–0.6 μM, at 0.0 V (vs. pseudo-Ag/AgCl), and a LOD of 14 nM was achieved. The devices were used for the quantification of EP in synthetic urine and in cerebrospinal synthetic fluids. Recoveries from spiked samples are in the 95.6–102.2% range for the CHMNP-SPE and in the 98.3–109% range for MNP-SPE. The stability of the respective sensors was investigated and compared over a period of 5 months. The EP peak currents were found to decrease by only 4% for the CHMNP-SPE, while the MNP-SPE lost 23% of its EP peak current. Accordingly, the CHMNP-SPE was chosen as the most stable and sensitive sensor for EP. Keywords Electrochemical sensor . Differential pulse voltammetry . Nanomaterials; Magnetic nanoparticles . Catecholamine
Introduction Epinephrine (EP) is a neurotransmitter mainly produced by the adrenal glands. It is regularly administrated by intravenous injections in several emergency situations as anaphylaxis, asthmatic attacks, and heart arrest. Its effects come through Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04259-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Éder T. G. Cavalheiro [email protected] 1
Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590, Brazil
the adrenergic nerves stimulation causing bronchodilation, increasing heart rate and blood pressure [1]. EP molecular structure is represented
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