Short and Long Term Effects of Salicylic Acid on Protection to Phytoplasma Associated Stress in Potato Plants
Salicylic acid (SA) activated the plant defense response in potato against phytoplasma attack, reduced infection symptoms, favored photosynthates translocation and improved the quality of tubers. SA induced effects at short and long terms and it was equal
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Short and Long Term Effects of Salicylic Acid on Protection to Phytoplasma Associated Stress in Potato Plants H. A. López-Delgado, M. E. Mora-Herrera, R. Martínez-Gutiérrez and S. Sánchez-Rojo
Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) activated the plant defense response in potato against phytoplasma attack, reduced infection symptoms, favored photosynthates translocation and improved the quality of tubers. SA induced effects at short and long terms and it was equally efficient when it was first applied on in vitro culture followed of transplanting or directly sprayed on greenhouse conditions. Low levels of exogenous SA (0.1 and 0.001 mM) showed higher biological activity. The reduction of damage was associated to high hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid contents, together with reduction of peroxidase activity suggesting an important role of SA on the regulation of these molecules and counteracting the pathogens effects.
Keywords Salicylic acid Phytoplasma Biotic stress
Long term effects Potato resistance
1 Introduction Phytoplasmas are bacteria in the class Mollicutes lacking cell walls that inhabit plant phloem sieve tubes (Liefting et al. 2004). They are responsible for several hundred plants diseases worldwide, affecting many economically important plants such as vineyard plants, tomatoes, and potatoes (Doi et al. 1967). Infected plants show a wide range of symptoms, such as ‘witches’ broom proliferation, flower H. A. López-Delgado (&) R. Martínez-Gutiérrez S. Sánchez-Rojo Programa Nacional de Papa, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Conjunto SEDAGRO, Metepec Méx C.P. 52140, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] M. E. Mora-Herrera Centro Universitario Tenancingo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera. Tenancingo-Villa Guerrero Km 1.5, Estado de México C.P. 52400, Mexico
S. Hayat et al. (eds.), Salicylic Acid, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_14, Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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alterations, stunted growth, and general decline (Christensen et al. 2005). Phytoplasmas do not possess genes for the de novo synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, or nucleotides. They presumably cannot metabolize sugars and obtain their food supply from the high sugar concentrations in plant sieve tubes (Oshima et al. 2004). In Mexico, at least two different types 16SrI and 16SrII of phytoplasma associated with potato purple top (PPT) symptoms have been reported using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (Almeyda et al. 2001; Leyva et al. 2002). Symptoms include foliar short internodes, stem thickening, apical rolling, purple leaflet coloration, chlorosis, axillary shoot proliferation, internode shortening, and aerial tuber formation. Tubers show different degrees of internal browning and produce abnormally thin, weak or absent sprouts, although in some varieties sprouting seems to be unaffected (Lee et al. 2000; Cadena-Hinojosa et al. 2003). Similar symptoms are produced when phloem transport of photosynth
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