Simple Models of Many-Fermion Systems
The purpose of this book is to provide a pedestrians route to the physics of many-particle systems. The material is developed along simple and generic models which allow to illuminate the basic mechanisms beyond each approach and which apply to broad vari
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Joachim Alexander Maruhn · Paul-Gerhard Reinhard · Eric Suraud
Simple Models of Many-Fermion Systems
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Prof. Dr. Joachim Alexander Maruhn Universit¨at Frankfurt FB 13 Physik Inst. Theoretische Physik/Astrophysik 60054 Frankfurt Germany [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Paul-Gerhard Reinhard Universit¨at Erlangen Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik II Staudtstr. 7 91058 Erlangen Germany [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Eric Suraud Universit´e Toulouse III IRSAMC Lab. Physique Quantique 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France [email protected]
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extra.springer.com. Password: 978-3-642-03838-9 ISBN 978-3-642-03838-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-03839-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-03839-6 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009940109 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The term “finite Fermi systems” usually refers to systems where the fermionic nature of the constituents is of dominating importance but the finite spatial extent also cannot be ignored. Historically the prominent examples were atoms, molecules, and nuclei. These should be seen in contrast to solid-state systems, where an infinite extent is usually a good approximation. Recently, new and different types of finite Fermi systems have become important, most noticeably metallic clusters, quantum dots, fermion traps, and compact stars. The theoretical description of finite Fermi systems has a long tradition and developed over decades from most simple models to highly elaborate methods of manybody theory. In fact, finite Fermi systems are the most demanding ground for theory as one often does not have any symmetry to simplify classification and as a possibly large but always finite particle number requires to take into account all particles. In spite of the practical complexity, most methods rely on simple and basic schemes which can be well understood in simple test cases. We therefore felt it a timely undertaking to offer a comprehensive view
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