Simulation Analyses of Two On-Ramp Lane Arrangements
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Simulation Analyses of Two On-Ramp Lane Arrangements Xu Wang1 · Xiao-Bo Qu2
· Pan Li3
Received: 9 February 2018 / Revised: 13 June 2018 / Accepted: 28 August 2018 © The Author(s) 2018
Abstract Ramps are vital pieces of infrastructure connecting city traffic networks to freeways. The performance of a ramp is to some extent determined by the on-ramp lane arrangement. In this paper, our primary aim is to evaluate the performance in terms of travel time and vehicle emissions for two on-ramp lane arrangements: added lane and zip merging. We estimate the travel time and CO2 emissions on the basis of the speed, and acceleration of vehicles in accordance with the improved comprehensive modal emission model (CMEM), and then analyse the impacts of traffic volume and heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) on travel time and emissions. The impacts of main road traffic flow on travel time and emissions for the two on-ramp lane arrangements are analysed under scenarios with traffic volumes of 800, 1 000, 1 200, 1 400, 1 600 and 1 800 vehs/h/lane. Meanwhile, the relationships between travel time, emissions and various proportions of HGVs (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) for both on-ramp lane arrangements are evaluated as well. We eventually present emission contour charts for the two onramp lane arrangements based on the possible combinations of traffic volumes and HGV percentages. Keywords On-ramp lane arrangement · comprehensive modal emission model (CMEM) · Micro-traffic simulation model · Travel time · CO2 emissions · Traffic volume · heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) Mathematics Subject Classification 90B20
B
Pan Li [email protected] Xu Wang [email protected] Xiao-Bo Qu [email protected]
1
Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
2
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
3
School of Urban Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, Jiangsu, China
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X. Wang et al.
1 Introduction Nowadays, freeways are serving in an increasingly significant role, carrying vehicles safely and efficiently and sustaining traffic at consistently high speeds, in the urban transport system [1]. However, with the increased utilization of freeways, frequent traffic delays have resulted in a loss to travel time and high emissions of carbon dioxide [2]. Therefore, addressing the loss of travel time and environmental pollution due to traffic delays is of utmost concern by traffic agencies [3]. In this regard, optimizing on-ramp lane arrangements is a solution worth being considered by traffic engineers. There is a relatively extensive literature focusing on the improvements in freeway operation. Among them, many researchers recommended to reduce travel time in the on-ramp adjacent zones through traffic control and freeway geometry upgrade (e.g. [2, 4–9]. Few researches have discussed the impact of on-ramp lane arrangements on freeway operation. In this paper, we will explore the effect. Additionally, due to the correl
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