Simulation and characterization of underwater target detection using LIDAR system
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SHORT NOTE
Simulation and characterization of underwater target detection using LIDAR system M. Darwiesh1 • A. F. El-Sherif1 • M. F. Hassan1 • H. S. Ayoub2 • Y. H. Elbashar3,4
Received: 19 December 2018 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 Ó The Optical Society of India 2020
Abstract LIDAR technology has applications in many different fields like geography, geology, geomantic, archeology, seismology, atmospheric physics and optical remote-sensing technology. A LIDAR model for submerged target detection is presented which allows the user to identify and localize the presence of underwater targets which have measurable light reflectance. The main idea of the simulation code is to collect the different powers received from many round trip travel times at successive scanning beams which enable the identification of the target in specified working region. Absorption, scattering and backscattering of light in different media through which light propagates were taken into consideration to achieve the accurate values of the received power from different target shapes which expresses the real conditions. Keywords LIDAR Underwater Attenuation Scattering Absorption Chlorophyll
& Y. H. Elbashar [email protected] 1
Engineering Physics Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
3
Department of Basic Science, ELGazeera High Institute for Engineering and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
4
Egypt Nanotechnology Center (EGNC), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Introduction The simulation for the LIDAR system detector operation is based mainly on a number of theories and equations. The LIDAR range equation is the main law used, which enables the calculation of the received power scattered from an object. A number of laser beams are used to sweep the area under search, in order to trace the laser beams as they propagate, Snell’s law is used to predict the angles of refraction for each beam at the separating surface between air and sea water which is the sea surface. Fresnel’s equation is used to calculate the reflectance and transmittance for each incident beam. As the signal travels through air and through sea water, the total attenuation of the transmitted and received signals is calculated based on the environmental conditions of both the air and the sea. The received signal power also depends on the properties of the target like shape, dimensions and the reflectivity of its surface. The main idea of the program is to simulate and collect the different powers received from different round trip times at different scanning rays whose number is determined based on the resolution of scanning of the working area. Several algorithms for deriving the water column properties for different underwater applications are found in the literature [1–8]. Most of the techniques are based on optimization methods that can be used for finding the water properties as shown in Table 1 and the air attenuation depending on the weather conditions as shown in Table 2. Our
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