Snapshots of Hemodynamics An Aid for Clinical Research and Graduate

Hemodynamics make it possible to characterize in a quantitative way, the function of the heart and arterial system, thereby producing information about which genetic and molecular processes, and which abnormalities, are of importance for understanding car

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Nicolaas Westerhof Mark I.M. Noble

L

Nikolaos Stergiopulos

Snapshots of Hemodynamics An Aid for Clinical Research and Graduate Education Second edition

Nicolaas Westerhof Departments of Physiology and Pulmonology ICaR-VU VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands [email protected]

Nikolaos Stergiopulos Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Switzerland [email protected]

Mark I.M. Noble Cardiovascular Medicine Aberdeen University Aberdeen, Scotland [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4419-6362-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6363-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6363-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010934365 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

This book is written in a quick reference style to help clinical and basic researchers, as well as graduate students, in the understanding of hemodynamics. Recent developments in genetics and molecular biology on the one hand, and new noninvasive measurement techniques on the other hand, make it possible to measure and understand the hemodynamics of heart and vessels better than ever before. Hemodynamics makes it possible to characterize, in a quantitative way, and even with noninvasive techniques the function of the heart and the arterial system, separately and in combination, thereby producing information about what genetic and molecular processes are of importance for cardiovascular function. We have made the layout of the book such that it gives a succinct overview of individual topics in short chapters Therefore every chapter starts with a “box” containing a figure and caption, describing the main aspects of the subject. It is often sufficient to study the contents of this box alone to obtain this basic information, and therefore it is not necessary to read the book from