Social Institutions and Economic Development A Tribute to Kurt Marti

Jan Pronk The role of institutions in economic development has been debated at length. It is a major chapter in the history of economic thought. It was also a key - sue in comparisons of the effectiveness of Eastern and Western economic systems. Understan

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Social Institutions and Economic Development A Tribute to Kurt Martin

edited by

Valpy FitzGerald University of Oxford, United Kingdom and Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW

eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:

0-306-48159-6 1-4020-0894-5

©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved

No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher

Created in the United States of America

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For Kurt, Scholar, Mentor and Friend

Contents

Foreword Jan Pronk Introduction: Institutions in Modern Development Economics Valpy FitzGerald

ix

xiii

1 Agrarian Reforms and Intersectoral Relations: A Summary Kurt Martin Introduction Economic and social objectives of land reforms The labour-surplus condition Conclusion Notes References

1 1 1 4 6 7 8

2 Bringing Institutions into Evolutionary Growth Theory Richard R. Nelson Institutional analysis and evolutionary economic theory: The historical connections Routines as a unifying concept Social technologies and institutions Institutions in an evolutionary theory of economic growth Promise and challenges Notes References

9 10 12 14 14 19 20 20

3 Towards an Evolutionary Economic Approach to Sustainable Development J. B. Opschoor Introduction Ecology and evolution from an economic perspective Environment–economy interactions and ecological economics Evolutionary dimensions in ecologically sensitive development economics v

23 23 24 32 34

vi

Contents

The Environmental Kuznets Curve Conclusions Notes References

36 43 47 49

4 Structural Dynamics and Economic Development José Antonio Ocampo Some methodological issues and stylized facts The dynamics of productive structures A simple formalization of the growth-productivity link Policy implications Notes References

55 56 61 71 75 78 80

5 Economic Reforms, Development and Distribution: Were the Founding Fathers of Development Theory Right? Rob Vos Introduction The move towards liberalization in Latin America Growth, distribution and poverty in Latin America: Recurring problems Conclusions Notes References

85 85 87 90 96 97 97

6 Why Groups Matter Frances Stewart Introduction The nature and functioning of groups Groups: Some examples Some findings and conclusions Notes References

101 101 103 107 115 119 121

7 Rethinking Development Assistance: The Implications of Social Citizenship in a Global Economy E. V. K. FitzGerald Introduction: The motivations for development assistance The ‘incomplete markets’ model: Development assistance as a correction for market failure

125 125 127

Contents

The ‘human entitlement’ model: Development assistance as global social citizenship Conclusion: Development assistance and international po