Solving routing and spectrum allocation problems in flexgrid optical networks using pre-computing strategies
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Solving routing and spectrum allocation problems in flexgrid optical networks using pre‑computing strategies Fernando Lezama1 · Alberto F. Martínez‑Herrera2 · Gerardo Castañón2 · Carolina Del‑Valle‑Soto3 · Ana Maria Sarmiento2 · Enrique Muñoz de Cote4,5 Received: 3 September 2019 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Flexible optical network architectures are considered a very promising solution where spectrum resources are allocated within flexible frequency grids. This paper presents a minimum spectrum utilization (SU) and average path length (APL) approach to solve the (off-line) routing and spectrum allocation problem (RSA) based on combining a simple ordering precomputation strategy, namely most subcarriers first (MSF) with three nature-inspired algorithms. These algorithms are ant colony optimization, differential evolution based relative position indexing (DE-RPI), and differential evolution general combinatorial (DE-GC). We begin by showing that MSF is the most effective ordering pre-computation strategy when compared to other well-known typical heuristics in the literature, such as first-fit, and longest path first. Then, we apply MSF in combination with the three nature-inspired algorithms to simultaneously optimize the SU and APL. The usefulness of MSF ordering pre-computation strategy is presented via a comparison of results obtained when using and not using MSF under the same scenarios. The algorithms are evaluated in benchmark optical networks, such as the NSFNet, the European optical network, and the 40-node USA network. We show that DE-RPI with MSF ordering pre-computation is the best option to solve the RSA problem, obtaining an average improvement percentage in the range of 0.9772–4.4086% on the SU and from −0.1668 to 0.8511% on the APL when compared to other meta-heuristics, either with or without the MSF ordering policy. Keywords Flexgrid optical networks · Routing and spectrum assignment · Ant colony optimization · Differential evolution · MSF ordering pre-computation
1 Introduction These days, telecommunications are being developed to create better quality services for demanding customers. Thus, new emerging applications and services are being created and their features continuously enhanced to achieve the
* Gerardo Castañón [email protected] 1
GECAD-Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
2
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. E. Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
3
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Prolongación Calzada Circunvalación Poniente 49, 45010 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
4
PROWLER.io Ltd, Cambridge, UK
5
INAOE, Puebla, Mexico
complete satisfaction of those customers: high-definition TV, video-streaming, big data, cloud computing, remote networking and the like [1] are services in high demand right now and new enhanced services will be more demanded in the future. Compared to the early stages of the Intern
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