Some considerations of strength and ductility in the continuous-casting process
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Some Considerations of Strength and Ductility in the Continuous-Casting Process
W.T.
LANKFORD, JR.
F r o m t h e t i m e t h e s o l i d i f y i n g s k i n b e g i n s to f o r m i n t h e m o l d u n t i l w e l l a f t e r s o l i d i f i c a t i o n i s c o m p l e t e , a c o n t i n u o u s l y e a s t s e c t i o n i s s u b j e c t e d t o a c o m p l e x h i s t o r y of t h e r m a l a n d mechanical stresses. Also, in most casting machines gross bending deformations are imp a r t e d to t h e e a s t s t r a n d , e i t h e r to i n t r o d u c e o r e l i m i n a t e a c u r v a t u r e . T h e a b i l i t y of t h e solidified material to withstand these stresses and swains is essential in permitting the c a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n to p r o c e e d , a s w e l l a s i n a v o i d i n g s u r f a c e a n d i n t e r n a l t e a r s t h a t c a n l e a d to p o o r p r o d u c t q u a l i t y o r n e c e s s i t a t e e x c e s s i v e c o n d i t i o n i n g . I n t h i s p a p e r t h e n a t u r e of t h e s t r e s s e s a n d s t r a i n s t h a t t h e e a s t s e c t i o n m u s t w i t h s t a n d a r e d i s c u s s e d . R e s u l t s of e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d i e s of t h e s t r e n g t h a n d d u c t i l i t y of l o w - c a r b o n s t e e l s i n t h e r a n g e of temperatures a n d s t r a i n r a t e s of c o n c e r n i n c o n t i n u o u s c a s t i n g a r e p r e s e n t e d . C o m p o s i tional effects in both simple tension tests and in bend tests are discussed, with special r e f e r e n c e t o t h e r e d u c t i o n i n d u c t i l i t y o b s e r v e d i n t h e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e of a b o u t 1500 ~ to 2 2 0 0 ~ f o l l o w i n g c e r t a i n p r i o r t h e r m a l h i s t o r i e s . T h e i m p l i c a t i o n s of t h e s e r e s u l t s i n t h e d e s i g n a n d o p e r a t i o n of c o n t i n u o u s - c a s t i n g m a c h i n e s a r e a l s o d i s c u s s e d .
TODAYw e
h o n o r t h e m e m o r y of o n e of t h e t r u e g i a n t s of o u r p r o f e s s i o n - - H e n r y M a r i o n H o w e . T h i s y e a r m a r k s t h e f i f t i e t h a n n i v e r s a r y of H o w e ' s d e a t h ; t h i s i s the forty-ninth Howe Memorial Lecture. As an addit i o n a l p o i n t of p e r s p e c t i v e i n t i m e , w e m a y n o t e t h a t l a s t y e a r m a r k e d t h e e n d of a n e v e n c e n t u r y s i n c e W. T. LANKFORD, Jr. is Manager, Steel Processing Research, United States Steel Corporation. He received B.S. and D. Sc. degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1941 and 1945, respectively. From June 1943 to May 1945 he conducted research at Carnegie Institute of Technology on plastic flow of aluminum aircraft sheet under sponsorship of Office of Scientific Research and Development, and from May 1945 to November 1945, at Pennsylvania State University on brittle fracture of ship plate, also under sponsorship of OSRD. Dr. LANKFORD joined the Applied Research Laboratory in November
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