Some features of horizontally oriented low-current electric arc in air
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TEMPERATURE PLASMA
Some Features of Horizontally Oriented Low-Current Electric Arc in Air Kh. K. Tazmeeva and B. Kh. Tazmeevb aNaberezhnye
Chelny Institute, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Naberezhnye Chelny, 423812 Russia Chelny Branch, National Research Technical University, Naberezhnye Chelny, 423800 Russia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
b Naberezhnye
Received April 4, 2015; in final form, June 3, 2015
Abstract—The properties of an electric arc operating in open air at currents of lower than 1 A were studied experimentally. The rod cathode was oriented horizontally. Cylindrical rods and plane plates either installed strictly vertically in front of the cathode end or tilted at a certain angle served as the anode. It is shown that, with such an electrode configuration, it is possible to form a discharge channel much longer than the electrode gap length. Regimes of regular oscillations are revealed, and conditions for their appearance are established. The electric field strength in the arc column and the electron temperature near the anode are calculated. DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X16010153
a large working surface extended in the vertical direction.
1. INTRODUCTION The history of the electric arc in air dates back more than a century. Nevertheless, its study is not completed to date. Application of modern diagnostics with high spatial and time resolutions has revealed new properties of the electric arc that do not fit the conventional classical concepts. In particular, high-speed visualization shows that a horizontally oriented highcurrent (up to 300 A) arc does not have a fixed crescent-like shape, but possesses a complicated spatial structure continuously varying in time [1]. Interesting results were obtained when experimentally studying low-current modes. It is known that, in such modes, the physical pattern of the discharge region rearranges. The electric discharge loses the properties of an arc and transforms into a glow discharge [2]. The completed stage of the formation of a low-current (≤0.2 A) glow discharge in air [3–6], nitrogen [7], argon [8, 9], and helium [10] has been studied most thoroughly. The electric and spectral characteristics of discharges in air at elevated currents (up to 2 A) were studied in [11, 12]. The properties of a dc electric discharge in atmospheric-pressure helium at even higher currents (up to 15 A) were studied in [13]. On the whole, quite an extensive experimental material has been accumulated to date. However, the obtained data are obviously insufficient to comprehensively describe the transition of a low-current arc into a glow discharge. In this work, we studied the properties of a horizontally oriented electric discharge in open air at currents of lower than 1 A. A distinctive feature of our experimental conditions was that the metal anode had
2. EXPERIMENT Copper rods with diameters of 4–12 mm, as well as a 150 × 150 -mm copper plate, were used as the anode. They were either installed strictly vertically or tilted at a certain angle. The cathode was a
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