Spatial Metrics to Analyse the Impact of Regional Factors on Pattern of Urbanisation in Gurgaon, India
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Spatial Metrics to Analyse the Impact of Regional Factors on Pattern of Urbanisation in Gurgaon, India Sadhana Jain & Divyani Kohli & Ram Mohan Rao & Wietske Bijker
Received: 28 January 2010 / Accepted: 2 June 2010 / Published online: 24 February 2011 # Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2011
Abstract In recent years, there has been lot of emphasis on the study of urban land use/ land cover changes to discover the growth pattern due to rapid urbanisation. This study presents spatial metrics and gradient analysis approach for quantifying and capturing changes in urban landscape using LISS III imagery S. Jain (*) Human Settlement Analysis Group, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Jain e-mail: [email protected] D. Kohli Division, Ph.D. student, Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-informatics Management, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]
of 1999, 2001 and 2004 of Gurgaon, India. A combination of spatial metrics i.e. percentage of landscape, mean patch size, number of patches, landscape shape index and largest patch index, available in Fragstats ver. 3.3, have been used to quantify the patterns of urban growth in different directions in terms of size, shape and complexity of development. The local built-up areas were quantified by the “moving window” technique. A gradient analysis has been carried out through sampling from a reference point to 8 km in 16 directions with a window size of 500 mts. Results of this study demonstrate the potential of spatial metrics and gradient modelling to quantify the impact of regional factors on the growth pattern of Gurgaon city. Keywords Directional analysis . Spatio-temporal pattern . Spatial metrics
D. Kohli e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
R. M. Rao Geoinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun, India e-mail: [email protected]
A combination of spatial metrics and gradient analysis is an emerging concept to study changes at landscape level. The application of spatial metrics is useful for the analysis of urban developments in terms of a diffusioncoalescence process and its implications on urban ecology, land management and land use planning. Spatial metrics can be defined as measurements derived from the digital analysis of thematic-categorical maps exhibiting spatial heterogeneity at a specific scale and resolution (Herold et al. 2005). This definition empha-
W. Bijker Earth Observation Science, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]
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sizes the quantitative and aggregate nature of the metrics, since they provide global summary descriptors of individual measured or mapped features of the landscape (patches, patch classes, or the whole map). Furthermore, the metrics always represent spatial heterogeneity at a specific spatial scale, determined by the spatial resolution, the extent of spatia
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