Special issue on bacterial citrus diseases: part II
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EDITORIAL
Special issue on bacterial citrus diseases: part II Alessandra Alves de Souza 1 & Nian Wang 2 & Helvecio Della Coletta-Filho 1 & Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte 3 Received: 6 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 / Published online: 17 November 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia 2020
We are delighted to deliver the second part of our Special Issue focused on bacterial citrus diseases, which completes the series. This part II is almost entirely dedicated to HLB— 11 out of 15 articles. We start with the three remaining, all addressing HLB, among which two of them focus on Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid), the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), and its relationship with the HLB bacterium. Galdeano and co-workers addressed the impact of CLas on the vector including fitness and behavior, morphology, immune system, metabolism, and microbiome. One of the key findings was that CLas enhances the reproduction and dissemination of psyllids, thus favoring bacteria spread and accumulation on Wolbachia, an endosymbiont that helps to increase the frequency of oviposition by the psyllid female. Transmission mechanism of CLas by the psyllid, as well as the effect of environment on biology, ecology, and behavior of the vector, was discussed by Carmo-Sousa. Factors such as the short acquisition and inoculation time (15 to 30 min), the long retention time (8 weeks or entire life), the short latency period and long incubation time, and the efficient mobility of winged vector make vector/disease control more difficult but extremely important. However, understanding of transmission mechanisms and insect behavior in the environment is necessary to avoid or stop disease spread. Another important component, not often considered in disease management programs, is the nutritional status of the host. The effect of nutrient application to maintain or enhance
* Alessandra Alves de Souza [email protected] 1
Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP 13490-970, Brazil
2
Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
3
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
yield in HLB-affected plants is a controversial topic and is reviewed by Mattos Jr. and collaborators. A critical assessment of literature data on nutrient management practices aimed at maintaining fruit production, and quality is made under HLB-free as well as under conditions of low or high HLB incidence. The impact of the disease and the potential beneficial effects of nutritional programs on plant physiology, cell anatomy, and nutrient imbalance are reviewed and discussed. The original research articles on HLB cover several aspects. The work by da Silva and collaborators investigated the effect of supplementation with micronutrients (Zn, Mn, and Cu) on HLB-affected plants as well on the CLas acquisition by the vector
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