Spectral Analysis of Ultrasonic and Photo Acoustic Signals Generated by a Prototypal Fiber Microprobe for Media Characte
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Spectral Analysis of Ultrasonic and Photo Acoustic Signals Generated by a Prototypal Fiber Microprobe for Media Characterization Simona Granchi1 · Enrico Vannacci1 · Lorenzo Miris1 · Luca Onofri1 · Duccio Zingoni1 · Elena Biagi1 Received: 15 April 2019 / Revised: 13 April 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Combination of photoacoustics and ultrasound can provide complemental fea‑ tures and mutual benefits, useful for a complete tissue characterization and conse‑ quently for early diagnosis or therapy monitoring. Furthermore, minimally invasive techniques are required both to reach organs or tissue not accessible and to reduce patient discomfort and costs. This work has tested a prototypal microprobe for media characterization analysing their optical and mechanical features. Two differ‑ ent transmitters compose the miniaturized probe: one for large bandwidth ultrasonic signals generation and one for guiding the laser light into tissue to photogenerate ultrasound. The aim is to evaluate the possibility of employing in the future this new type of microprobe to characterize internal tissue, combining ultrasound and photoa‑ coustic investigations. A calibrated commercial hydrophone has been used to detect generated signals, with the aim to provide repeatable and reliable results. Dedicated test objects have been realized by using solutions of corn starch flour and of Chinese ink with different and calibrated dilutions. The spectral algorithm HyperSPACE (Hyper SPectral Analysis for Characterization in Echography), applied on ultrasonic and photoacoustic signals has allowed differentiating scatterers’ concentration and distribution. Keywords Photoacoustics · Ultrasound · Spectral processing · Media characterization · Fully fiber microprobe · Minimally invasiveness
* Simona Granchi [email protected] 1
Ultrasound and Non‑Destructive Testing Lab, Department of Information Engineering (DINFO), University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
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1 Introduction The phenomenon of photoacoustic effect has been known for many years, but its investigation and application had to wait until the development of proper laser sources, sensitive and broadband ultrasound detection technologies, fast data acqui‑ sition and processing capabilities [1]. The peculiar and effective characteristic of photoacoustics is the combination of the advantages of optical techniques, such as the high resolution and of some features of ultrasound, such as penetration into materials [2, 3]. The first application of this technique was non-destructive testing (NDT) of mechanical and elastic properties of materials, but, since the 1960s [1], the interest in biomedical field began to grow. In the last 2 decades, the biomedi‑ cal optoacoustic research has oriented to develop suitable detectors and process‑ ing techniques [1, 4–12], in order to produce images able to characterize healthy and pathological tissue. Important works have proven that photoacousti
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