Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of patients with ankylosing spondylitis Ali Kal
. Mahmut Og˘uz Ulusoy . Caner O ¨ ztu¨rk
Received: 14 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of (ankylosing spondylitis) AS on choroidal thickness (CT) and other retinal layers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Methods This cross-sectional study group comprised 41 AS patients and age and sex-matched 46 control subjects. None of our patients had active anterior uveitis during the measurements. We evaluated and compared CT, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, focal loss volume (FLV) and global loss volume (GLV) of the participants. Results The CT of the patients at 1500 lm (286.20 lm ± 65.81), 1000 lm (309.55 lm ± 85.33) nasally to the fovea and subfoveal layer (339.93 lm ± 69.93) were thicker than in controls (p = 0.007, p = 0.037, p = 0.008). Except nasal layer, all RNFL layers were
A. Kal (&) M. O. Ulusoy Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Konya Research Hospital, Bas¸ kent University, Konya, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] M. O. Ulusoy e-mail: [email protected] ¨ ztu¨rk C. O Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Bas¸ kent University, Ankara, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
significantly thinner than controls (p \ 0.001). GCC and macular thickness were also thinner than controls (p \ 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, present findings may suggest that the AS disease may affect the choroidal, RNFL and GCC thickness by disease’s own inflammatory effect, independently from the uveitis history. Keywords Ankylosing spondylitis Choroidal thickness RNFL Ganglion cell complex BASDAI
Introduction Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a member of a group of chronic inflammatory diseases which are named as spondyloarthropathies (SpA) [1]. AS is the most common type of SpA with a prevalence of 0.2–0.12% and mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and spine. This prevalence tends to be higher in populations with a great prevalence of HLA-B27 (human leukocyte antigens) positivity [1]. The first documented genetic marker for these patients was HLA-B27, which is present in approximately 90–95% of patients with AS [2]. It seems that release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a, trigger the initiation of this disease which is genetically predisposed [3]. The prevalence is approximately 0.25% in Turkey [4].
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Main characteristic ocular involvement is anterior uveitis and it can be seen in 40% of patients with AS [5]. Therefore, ocular examination becomes more important in these patients. In pathogenesis of AS, cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-1, 16,17 and 23 have primary role [1]. Especially in eyes, TNF-a is responsible for inflammatory, exudative, neovascular and neurodegenerative responses. There can be any
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