State body dissatisfaction predicts momentary positive and negative affect but not weight control behaviors: an ecologic
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
State body dissatisfaction predicts momentary positive and negative affect but not weight control behaviors: an ecological momentary assessment study Margarita Sala1 · Jennifer A. Linde2 · Ross D. Crosby3 · Carly R. Pacanowski4 Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Body dissatisfaction is ubiquitous in our society and leads to eating disorders. Longitudinal research suggests that higher body dissatisfaction predicts higher negative affect and unhealthy weight control behaviors over time. However, no study has assessed how body dissatisfaction impacts affect and weight control behaviors in the moment. In the current study, we examined the momentary relationships between body dissatisfaction, affect and weight control behaviors using ecological momentary assessment. Methods Female college students (N = 67) completed measures of state body dissatisfaction, affect, and weight control behaviors across fourteen days using ecological momentary assessment. Results Greater body dissatisfaction significantly predicted lower subsequent positive affect and higher subsequent negative affect, but positive and negative affect did not predict subsequent body dissatisfaction. Daily average body dissatisfaction was not significantly associated with daily engagement in either healthy or unhealthy weight control behaviors. Conclusion Short-term negative effects of body dissatisfaction on affect were apparent. Targeting body dissatisfaction may be important for improving affect. Level of evidence Level IV, multiple time series without intervention. Keywords Body satisfaction · Body dissatisfaction · Affect · Weight loss · Eating disorders
Introduction Body dissatisfaction refers to the extent to which one experiences displeasure with one’s body [1], and is common, with most of college women expressing body dissatisfaction [2, 3]. Body dissatisfaction is an eating disorder risk and maintenance factor [4]. Because of the role body dissatisfaction and affect play in the development and maintenance of * Carly R. Pacanowski [email protected] 1
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
2
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
3
Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA
4
College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 26 North College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
eating pathology, it is imperative to understand the determinants and intermediate consequences of body dissatisfaction prior to disordered eating onset. Body dissatisfaction has been typically defined as a trait, and research has shown that trait body dissatisfaction impacts both affect and eating behaviors. Higher body dissatisfaction predicts higher psychological distress (e.g., disordered eating, depression, stress, low self-esteem) over time [5–7]. Body dissatisfaction also impacts engagement in healthy vs. unhealthy weight control behaviors. Healthy weight control
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