State-of-Art and Open Issues of Cross-Layer Design and QOS Routing in Internet of Vehicles
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State‑of‑Art and Open Issues of Cross‑Layer Design and QOS Routing in Internet of Vehicles Mahadev A. Gawas1 · Sweta Govekar2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) is a significant term in ITS (intelligent transportation systems). VANETs are also mentioned as ITN (intelligent transportation Networks), which are used to enhance road safety in growing technology. The connectivity of nodes is a challenging one because of its high mobility and the sparse network connectivity must be handled properly during its initial deployment of a VANET for avoiding accidents. Quality of service (QoS) in VANET becomes a significant term because of its increasing dare about unique features, like poor link quality, high mobility, and inadequate transporting distance. Routing is the foremost issue in the wireless ad hoc network, which is used to transmit data packets significantly. This paper provides a crucial review of the classification of existing QoS routing protocols, cross-layer design approach and classification, and various performance parameters used in QoS routing protocols. The corresponding cross-layer protocols are overviewed, followed by the major techniques in cross-layer protocol design. Moreover, VANET is presented with many exclusive networking research challenges in precise areas such as security, QoS, mobility, effective channel utilization, and scalability. Finally, the paper concluded by various comparison discussion, issues, and challenges of several routing protocols for VANET. No. of publications over the period from 2010 to 2019 in various scientific sources also showed in this review. This survey provided the technical direction for researchers on routing protocols for VANET using QoS. Keywords VANET · QoS · Topology-based routing · Cross-layer routing · Routing protocols Abbreviations VANET Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems This paper reviewed the open issues and existing research works related to cross-layer designs and the QoS routing on the internet of vehicles also discussed in this paper. * Mahadev A. Gawas [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science, Government College of Arts, Science, and Commerce, Sanquelim, Goa, India
2
Department of Mathematics, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, India
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M. A. Gawas, S. Govekar
ITN Intelligent Transportation Networks CH Cluster Head QoS Quality of service RSU Road Side Unit AU Application Unit OBU On-Board Unit MANET Mobile Ad hoc Network GS Group Signature GPS Geographic Position System V2I Vehicle to Infrastructure V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle FSR Fisheye state routing MRRNSDV Multipath Reliable Range Node Selection Distance Vector CBR Cluster-based Routing SRD Simple and Robust Dissemination AATR Adaptive Allocation of Transmission Range PassCAR Passive clustering aided routing MDDC Multi-operator Driven Dynamic Clustering C-VANET Cognitive VANET CBRP Cluster-Based Routing Protoc
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