Steering short-term demand for car-sharing: a mode choice and policy impact analysis by trip distance
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Steering short‑term demand for car‑sharing: a mode choice and policy impact analysis by trip distance Weibo Li1 · Maria Kamargianni1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Car-sharing could have substantial benefits. However, there is not enough evidence about if more people choosing car-sharing would reduce private car usage or public transport demand. This work aims to bring forward some insights by studying short-term car-sharing choice behavior. A mode choice analysis is conducted first followed by a simulation analysis to evaluate modal substitution pattern. Policy implications are obtained in terms of the possible measures that could effectively bring down private car usage. The case study is Taiyuan-China; stated and revealed preference data are collected. Mixed nested logit models are developed to study the pooled SP/RP data. The analysis is conducted separately for a shorter trip case (2–5 km) and a longer trip case (more than 5 km) to examine if results would differ by distance. It is found that raising the cost of private car usage (travel cost, parking cost) should be prioritized for shorter trips since car is more difficult to be substituted when trip distance increases. Shorter trips also need such direct measures to help suppress the demand for private car when promoting a car-sharing service; otherwise carsharing would attract more bus users instead. Longer trips need a more effective solution to bring down private car usage and that is discovered as making car-sharing service more appealing so that it can serve as a practical substitute to private car. A number of informative indicators (e.g. willingness to pay for travel time savings, direct and cross point elasticity) are also derived to enrich the findings. Keywords Car-sharing policy · Mode choice · Value of time · Mixed NL model · Pooled SP/RP data · China
* Weibo Li [email protected] Maria Kamargianni [email protected] 1
UCL Energy Institute, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK
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Transportation
Introduction Over the last two decades car-sharing services have sprung up across the globe (Shaheen et al. 1999; Enoch and Taylor 2006; Shaheen and Cohen 2007; Shaheen et al. 2009; Shaheen and Cohen 2013). From the traditional round-trip mode to the recent free-floating mode, users have enjoyed the increasing flexibility that car-sharing offers. The service may also bring wider social benefits. On the one hand, many car-sharing operators have replaced their gasoline fleets with the more environmental-friendly electric vehicles in the last few years (Bakker and Trip 2013; Shaheen et al. 2015). On the other hand, various studies have shown that car-sharing could help to reduce car ownership and traffic volume (Cervero et al. 2007; Martin et al. 2010; Mishra et al. 2015; Bondorová and Archer 2017; Vij 2017). In addition, Clewlow (2016) indicated that the personal vehicles owned by frequent car-sharing users were more like
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