Stone in Architecture Properties, Durability
The weathering of historical buildings and, indeed, of monuments and sculptures of natural stone is a problem that has been encountered for hundreds of years. However, a dramatic increase in deterioration in the structure of our built heritage has been ob
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Siegfried Siegesmund · Rolf Snethlage Editors
Stone in Architecture Properties, Durability Fourth Edition
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Editors Prof. Dr. Siegfried Siegesmund Universität Göttingen Geoscience Center Göttingen Goldschmidtstr. 3 37077 Göttingen Germany [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Rolf Snethlage Naturstein, Bauchemie und Bauphysik in der Denkmalpflege Wetzelstraße 24 96047 Bamberg Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-14474-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-14475-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-14475-2 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Natural stone is a topic of interest to geologists and natural stone producers, as well as for architects, building specialists, conservators, monument curators, and of course, building owners. It is one of the oldest and more durable construction materials. However, its importance for the construction industry has changed over time and so has its perception by society. In the last three decades, a significantly increased demand has been noticed that can be attributed to its use as cladding material. Predictions suggest an even greater growth rate in the demand. Natural stone is a construction material with a favourable ecological rating compared to manufactured materials such as Portland cement, or bricks. In architecture, this material is particularly valued for its design possibilities, especially with regards to color, shape and surface processing. This gives the building a unique value. In past centuries, master builders and sculptors used locally available stones, since transport from distant sources was difficult and very expensive. Therefore, whole towns were built with a single type of stone. This resulted in the development of cultural landscapes that are characterized solely by the type of stone used. With globalisation, this local type of landscape construction is being valued again, especially since natural stones are in essence a part of the landscape. They reflect tradition and identity and are fundamental to both the local community and tourism. Although there may be a ge
