Durability Properties of Geopolymer Mortars Containing Slag
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RESEARCH PAPER
Durability Properties of Geopolymer Mortars Containing Slag Şinasi Bingöl1 · Cahit Bilim2 · Cengiz Duran Atiş3 · Uğur Durak3 Received: 1 June 2019 / Accepted: 27 December 2019 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract In this study, some durability properties of alkali-activated slag (geopolymer) mortars were investigated. In determining these durability properties, a series of test procedures such as high temperature, abrasion, rapid chloride permeability and wetting and drying cycles were performed. For the slag activation, sodium metasilicate was used at three sodium concentrations, 4%, 8% and 12% by mass of slag. Prismatic specimens with 40 × 40 × 160 mm dimensions were prepared from geopolymer mortars for the tests. After 24 h, the specimens were demolded and cured in three different ways until the test time: curing in an oven at 75 °C for 1 day, curing in air for 28 days and curing in water at 22 ± 1 °C. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the control mortar made with ordinary Portland cement (OPC).The findings revealed that the resistance of alkali-activated slag mortars under aggressive media investigated within the scope of this work was higher than that of OPC mortar. Keywords Blast furnace slag · Geopolymer mortar · Durability · Alkali activation
1 Introduction OPC is the most used building material in the construction industry and has a wide application area. During the production of cement, 5–8% greenhouse gas is released to the atmosphere (Karthik et al. 2017; Gunasekara et al. 2015). At the same time, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash, which are industrial by-products, constitute the environmental pollution due to the storage and disposal problems. According to the last statistical data, there are 750 million tones fly ash and 500 million * Cahit Bilim [email protected] Şinasi Bingöl [email protected] Cengiz Duran Atiş [email protected] Uğur Durak [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering and Natural Sciences Faculty, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
3
Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
tones blast furnace slag over the world (Ranjbar and Kuenzel 2017; Rios et al. 2019). Although the cement industry utilizes large quantities of slag, the using ratio of these waste materials is at level of 20–30% in the production of blended cement (Luga 2015; Puertas et al. 2000). When these waste materials are activated by alkalis, they show the binder properties and thus become an attractive binding material as a potential alternative to OPC (Luga 2015; Kovalchuk et al. 2007). In this regard, geopolymers could be thought as a new binder type to produce more qualified concrete than OPC concrete. Geopolymers, generally obtained from activation of solid aluminosilicate using hydroxide or silicates of alkali metals, are inorganic materials whose chemical struc
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